As per the Olympic Host Contract, the IOC requires that all Organising Committees provide annual financial statements certified by an independent certified public accountant. At all times, the IOC recognises and upholds human rights as enshrined both in the Fundamental Principles of the Olympic Charter and in its Code of Ethics. 2023 International Olympic Committee. This historic decision initiated a period of constructive discussion between the IOC and the two Candidate Cities, resulting in Los Angeles declaring its candidature for the Olympic Games 2028 followed by a Tripartite Agreement and the release of the Host City Contract 2028 on 31 July. If they don't, it's actually totally expected. (The host countrys head of state says only one sentence, specified in the Olympic Charter, to officially open the Games. Me too. with Ivan Kanapathy, Bonny Lin and Stephen S. Roach, The Economics of Hosting the Olympic Games. In response, the IOC under President Thomas Bach has promoted reforms to the process, known as the Olympic Agenda 2020. But the most-damning aspect of Sochis legacy was its association with homophobia as a result of a Russian law that banned propaganda that espoused nontraditional sexual relations," not to mention the claim by Sochis mayor that the city had no gay residents. Detailed information in regard to this Candidature Process 2024 may be found here. The most immediate need is the creation or upgrading of highly specialized sports facilities such as cycling tracks and ski-jumping arenas, the Olympic Village, and a venue large enough to host. How long they stay there is the trick. According to organizers, the budget for the Tokyo Olympics exceeded $15 billion, up from the $7 billion originally projected. Instead, many argue, Olympic committees should reform the bidding and selection process to incentivize realistic budget planning, increase transparency, and promote sustainable investments that serve the public interest. Schools' experiences of engagement with such programmes are often repo. At the same time, the IOC usually sets up a backup plan in case the winning host is unable to host the games due to unmitigated circumstances, which happened once in 1976 when Denver, US bailed out of hosting the 1976 Winter Olympics and Innsbruck, Austria took over. Boston withdrew from consideration for the 2024 games, with its mayor saying that he refuse[d] to mortgage the future of the city away. The 2024 finalists, Budapest, Hungary, Hamburg, Germany, and Rome, also withdrew, leaving only Los Angeles and Paris. In a 2016 paper Victor Matheson and Robert Baade, two American academics, concluded that "in most cases the Olympics are a money-losing proposition for host cities.". That, combined with a sharp jump in television broadcast revenue made Los Angeles the only city to turn a profit hosting the Olympics, finishing with a $215 million operating surplus. The Games will coincide with the host country's most important holiday, the . The 2022 Olympics will take place in Beijing; China won the bid in July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The idea that the Olympics should generate economic growth is a relatively new phenomenon, writes Binyamin Appelbaum in the New York Times. All Rights Reserved. There have been a few hits and misses with transportation plans in the past. Also problematic are so-called white elephants, or expensive facilities that, because of their size or specialized nature, have limited post-Olympics use. by Lindsay Maizland As a result, in 1979 Los Angeles was the only city to bid for the 1984 Summer Olympics, allowing it to negotiate exceptionally favorable terms with the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Packs of dogs reportedly roamed the Olympic Village, and one of the giant Olympic rings failed to light at a crucial moment during the opening ceremony (hardly enhancing the reputation of Russian technology). - IOC revenue raised from global sponsorship and global broadcast rights is distributed through direct IOC contributions to different sports organisations throughout the Olympic Movement, as well as various IOC activities, projects and programmes aimed at supporting the staging of the Games and promoting the worldwide development of sport and the Olympic Movement. Considered the biggest show on earth, the Olympic Games are held every four years and are major sporting events.The much-prestigious Olympics started in 1896 in Athens, Greece, with 14 different countries competing in the first modern Olympic Games.Check out the process of choosing the Olympic host country! At the Rio Olympics, 70,000 volunteers saved them $100 million over having to pay minimum wage workers. Every four years the world's leading athletes, compete in different sports aiming to win the highest distinction in their career; an Olympic medal under the sound of their nation's anthem in the Olympic stadium. Sixty thousand dishes, prepared by 700 chefs and cooks, was an average day. The IOC's Operational Requirement Contract is so detailed that it covers everything from the number of seats required in each venue to the required differing degrees of lighting for each camera used to broadcast the events. The host city must provide specialist vehicles and/or motorbikes to the OCOG's Sport Team, IFs, OBS Crews and photographers involved in road cycling, marathon and race walking," and all travel expenses for ITOs and NTOs must be paid for. That is a lot of additional journeys. - The new approach to electing a host includes the human development context of the city and country, and leverages third-party independent expertise and specific human development indicators to measure this, in addition to the other aspects that are assessed (geopolitical, economic, sport and sustainability). - The IOC issues the invitation to NOCs to participate the invitations do not come from the government of the host country. Before Chicago was done making its unsuccessful finalist bid for the 2016 Olympics, it had enlisted U.S. Pres. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Earlier this year, the Legislature passed a bill to provide state support for Los Angeles' bid. The hosting country of the Olympics creates a legacy that lives long after the games are over. These days, ideas for ending the costly Olympics rotation take many forms. by Richard Haass However, no NOC can have more than . At the same time, the IOC has neither the mandate nor the capability to change the laws or the political system of a sovereign country. Roads, train lines, and airports need to be upgraded or constructed. - The IOC makes a significant contribution to the success of each edition of the Olympic and Paralympic Games: - Tokyo 2020 USD 1.7 billion Read more to find out about the purpose of the Olympic Games; the role and remit of the IOC and the Olympic Movement; and the responsibilities of the hosts and organisers. The most expensive venue was the sixty-eight-thousand--seat National Stadium, which cost Tokyo $1.4 billion, sat empty for the duration of the games and will incur a reported $22 million in annual maintenance fees. Beijing seems to have hit it. While the Olympics are once again underway, the unique impact of the pandemic remains clear: an absence of spectators, a . February 17, 2023, How Countries Have Kept Up Domestic Support for the War in Ukraine, In Brief Here, we trace the exceptional circumstances that led to the decision. Instead, the games were publicly funded, with these advanced countries better positioned to bear the costs due to their larger economies and more advanced infrastructure. The games were growing rapidly, with the number of Summer Olympics participants almost doubling and the number of events increasing by a third during the 1960s. Yet, as we see it, the IOC does have valid points when stating that (1) Flyvbjerg and his colleagues mix operational and (sports-related) capital costs and (2) assume that the (sports-related) infrastructure only serve the four weeks of the Olympics. In 2022, Beijing became the first city that has held both the summer and the winter Olympic . - The IOC gives no money to governments, but exclusively to the Organising Committees for the Olympic and Paralympic Games (including any revenue derived from sponsorship or broadcast rights), and assists the Organising Committees in many other ways, including through transfer of knowledge and management of the host broadcasting operations. The agreement was ratified by the full IOC membership at the IOC Session in Lima on 13 September, confirming that Paris will host the Olympic Games 2024, and that Los Angeles will host the Olympic Games 2028. The host city for the 1904 Olympic Games was selected at the IOC Session in Paris on 22 May 1901. Barack Obama as lobbyist in chief and spent $100 million$150 million. What Is The Official Language Of The United States? - At the Olympic Games, some 10,500 of the best athletes in the world from 206 NOCs and the IOC Refugee Olympic Team are competitors in sport, but at the same time they live peacefully together under one roof in the Olympic Village. As already noted, Barcelona also made out, revitalizing its international image along with its waterfront. Get Access. Utah's Heber Valley has experienced rapid and (relatively) sustained growth since the 1990s, in part due to being chosen as a host venue for the 2002 Winter Olympics. Costs spiraled to over $50 billion for the 2014 Winter Games in Sochi, $20 billion for 2016 Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro, and $13 billion for the 2018 Winter Games in Pyeongchang. All complaints can be brought to the immediate attention of the Organising Committee through this process. Having a rotating host city is a 19th-century idea. Los Angeles, Budapest, and Paris are competing to host the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games. All Rights Reserved. But the following are the ones you'll need to know for this article: OCOG = Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games. - The 2018 Operational Requirements of the Olympic Games also include stronger provisions protecting human rights related to the operations of the Games, and require OCOGs to adopt a policy commitment and develop and implement a comprehensive human rights strategy that covers all their operations, in close cooperation with the host city and country, and all their partners. Both cities have really embraced Olympic Agenda 2020 in different ways, but particularly in the way they are planning to use a record number of existing and temporary facilities, said President Bach at a press conference on 9 June 2017, after the IOC Executive Board had put forward the proposal to award both Games at the same time. By summer 2020 . Most notably, a thriving suburb has grown up around the Olympic Park district, the venues of which continue to host rugby, cricket, soccer, and Australian rules football games, concerts, and numerous international sporting events. By Sarah Dylla. Olympic Rings (Source) Now let's highlight a few key logistical plans that are vital for the smooth functioning of the Olympics just to get a small idea of what's involved. Beijing's successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics means it will become the first city ever to stage a . The 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal came to symbolize the fiscal risks of hosting. The criteria include how much value the sport would add to the . Tokyo spent as much as $150 million on its failed 2016 bid, and Toronto decided it couldn't afford its 2024 bid. - At the Olympic Winter Games, some 2,800 of the worlds best winter sports athletes from more than 90 NOCs are competitors in sport, but at the same time they live peacefully together under one roof in the Olympic Village. This allowed the IOC to choose the cities with the most ambitiousand expensiveplans. - Non-discrimination has been at the core of the Olympic Games since the days of the IOCs founder, Pierre de Coubertin, who said: We shall not have peace until the prejudices that now separate the different races are outlived. Three to five cities are chosen as finalists, with the opportunity to pony up $500,000 and put together slicker, more-elaborate proposals. The city of London leads in the number of events held in a single city with three Summer Olympics. "At the Games' peak, 7,000 people might pour into the cafeteria at once. Hosting the Olympics increasingly has been an impetus for addressing some of a host city's pressing needs, especially in terms of infrastructure. This is closely related to many other areas, such as venues, people management, health and safety, sustainability and legacy. The transportation project for the Olympics is the most complex transport operation to cope with 1.5 to 2 million supplementary daily journeys in the Host City." Cities That Have Hosted The Olympics . Brisbane was picked Wednesday to host the 2032 Olympics, the inevitable winner of a one-city race steered by the IOC to avoid rival bids. It depends a lot on how much a of tourist magnet a city is to begin with. The IOC requires each host city to have approximately 41,001 rooms (very specific), for all IOC stakeholders. The host city has to have all the venues necessary for all the sporting disciplines, and these venues have to be of high standards. This report analyzes the logistics of everything from linen to waste collection. In contrast, there would be two negative impacts there: costs for construction and maintenance of Olympic venues and an increase in crime. Although its flamboyant longtime mayor Jean Drapeau famously boasted that the Olympics can no more lose money than a man can have a baby," the Montreal Games swamped the city in debt until 2006. Officially, Japan says it spent $15.4 billion to host these Olympics, but private estimates suggest it is far higher. So on top of hosting the Olympics, Bidvest managed to meet all Olympics requirements and deadlines and managed to restructure their operations for 17 days to meet their day-to-day deliveries as well. Its actual admitted cost: $15.4 billion. However, research carried out after the games shows that these purported benefits are dubious. Let's start with transportation. Okay, so the budget for hosting the Games usually gets busted, but then theres a big payoff, right? The host city is elected by a majority of the votes cast by secret ballot. Prior to the tripartite agreement, the Candidature Process 2024 including evaluation of the Paris and LA projects took place. However, after the disaster of the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics and more economic studies coming out, cities are starting to reconsider the economics behind . On 13 September at the IOC Session in Lima, it was confirmed that Paris and Los Angeles will host the Olympic Games 2024 and 2028 respectively, following the International Olympic Committees (IOC) historic decision to award both Games simultaneously. The Games will go back to . Fidelity Investments Robert von Rekowsky explores the history [PDF] of the economic outcomes of the Olympic Games. Secondly, hosting the Olympics brings in a lot of tourists into the country and this translates to good money as well as an opportunity to market the country as a major tourist destination in the world. WHEREAS, any reference to Host Citythe "" contained in the Olympic Charter, the HCC - Operational Requirements , the Candidature Commit ments, IOC guidelines or other documents , as applicable, shall be understoodas applying to each of the Host Cities, in the same manner, Hosting the Olympics is not a susceptible task and it arrives with a hefty price of ventures. The Presidents Inbox. Either way, instead of . Each sport in the Olympics is governed by an International Federation (IF) that is recognized by the . What are the conditions required for a sport to be recognised by the IOC? The situation of human rights outside the Olympic Games activities is beyond the IOCs remit. The 2022 Beijing Olympics begin on Feb. 4 and will run through Feb. 20. When we're talking about billions of dollars, that's a significant increase. - Paris 2024 USD 1.7 billion The Olympic Games are one of the most spectacular and important sports events, attracting the interest of billions of spectators globally. . Challenged by the countrys deep recession, Rio required a $900 million bailout from the federal government to cover the cost of policing the Olympics and was unable to pay all of its public employees. C.V. Starr & Co. The actual details of the requirements for qualifying for the Olympics varies by sport, but the Charter discusses the general procedure. - The Olympic Host Contract has been strengthened with the inclusion of a dedicated requirement for OCOGs and hosts to protect and respect human rights and ensure any violation of human rights is remedied in a manner consistent with international agreements, laws and regulations applicable in the Host Country and in a manner consistent with all internationally recognised human rights standards and principles, including the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), applicable in the Host Country. July 21, 2021 / 11:11 AM / AP. - There are no countries participating in the Olympic Games, but rather athletes from 206 NOCs who are supporting the mission of the Olympic Games to unite the world in peaceful competition. The Olympics increase valuable tourism, which can boost local economies. The choosing of the host city usually happens seven years before the Games in question take place. - Outside its remit, the IOC has no mandate and no capability to change the laws or political system of sovereign countries. These recommendations include reducing the cost of bidding, allowing hosts more flexibility in using already-existing sports facilities, encouraging bidders to develop a sustainability strategy, and increasing outside auditing and other transparency measures. - Respect for human rights aligns with a number of other key principles in the organisation of the Games, such as sustainability, good governance, inclusive practices, accountability and transparency. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Events like this must have strict guidelines and requirements. A study by researchers at the University of Oxford found that the cost of Olympic Games overrun with 100 percent consistency. In addition, the IOC will advance funds in view of the longer planning period, in order to increase participation in and access to youth sports programmes in Los Angeles in the years leading up to the Games. A year after Russias invasion, Ukraine is suffering a catastrophic humanitarian crisis. Beijing's second Olympics in the space of 14 years has a public support rating of 88%. Neither athletes nor competitors like wet concrete. Which brings us to having to put a roof over all these visitors' heads. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. - The IOC raises and distributes funds not only to ensure the celebration of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games, but also to encourage the regular practice of sport by all people in society, regardless of sex, age, social background or economic status. For instance, when Sochi hosted the Winter Olympics in 2014, the city spent roughly $50.7 billion on non-sports-related infrastructureapproximately 85% of its total budget. A Head of Olympic Operations will focus full-time on this part of the role, while a second position will give fundraising for the team the necessary attention it deserves. This was the culmination of a two-year Candidature Process that was shaped by the IOCs Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms. However, these countries invested massive sums to create the necessary infrastructure. Changes included cost savings for the Candidate Cities, open discussions with the Candidate Cites and an Evaluation Commission report which focused on the opportunities and challenges presented by each Candidate City. Hosting the Olympics increasingly has been an impetus for addressing some of a host citys pressing needs, especially in terms of infrastructure. During the 2012 London Games, attendance at the citys famous theatres declined, and hotel bookings in Beijing dropped during that citys Olympic summer in 2008. - The IOC's remit was and still is to ensure respect for human rights insofar as they apply to Olympic Games-related activities. On 11 July at the Candidate City Briefing 2024, when the two delegations led by Mayor of Los Angeles Eric Garcetti and President of the French Republic Emmanuel Macron presented their respective Games concepts, it was this mutually strong focus on sustainability and legacy that made losing one of them unthinkable for the Olympic Movement. The cities whose bids are approved to be part of the selection are then put into a rigorous ten-month audit that seeks to ensure that they have what it takes to host an international sporting event. The Summer and Winter Olympics are two different events that used to be staged in the same year until 1992 when the decision was made to have them take place on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years. Lately, determining a Games success or failure comes down to its legacy, the measuring-stick concept developed by the surprisingly large body of academics concerned with the Olympics. A projected cost of $360 million ballooned to $1.6 billion when the final beans were counted, partly owing to mismanagement by Drapeau (who had proposed funding the Games with the sale of commemorative coins) and labor disputes. Transportation between host city and other "co-host" cities across the country must be made available. The remit of the Olympic Programme Commission requires it to include sports that keep the Olympic Games relevant to young people. It will be applied from Paris 2024 onwards, as these Games were awarded after the adoption of the new procedure. Only some 17 percent of expenditures for the 1992 Barcelona Games went exclusively toward sports; 83 percent was aimed at urban improvement. . Many cities have found that welcoming the worlds athletes and their fans for two weeks produces far fewer benefits than were anticipated in the heady days that the city first made its bid. Los Angelessuccess led to a rising number of cities biddingfrom two for the 1988 games to twelve for the 2004 games. In an unprecedented move, the IOC chose the 2024 and 2028 venues simultaneously in 2017, with Paris and Los Angeles, respectively, taking turns hosting due to the lack of candidates. - 90 per cent of the IOCs revenue is re-distributed to the global Olympic Movement. February 17, 2023, One Year After: How Putin Got Germany Wrong, In Brief - Beijing 2022 USD 880 million This article was published on January 7, 2022, at Britannicas ProCon.org, a nonpartisan issue-information source. February 22, 2023 This must rightfully remain the legitimate role of governments and respective intergovernmental organisations. - Los Angeles 2028 USD 1.8 billion The debt and maintenance costs of the Sochi 2014 Winter Games will cost Russian taxpayers nearly $1 billion per year for the foreseeable future, experts estimate. For instance, some 85 percent [PDF] of the Sochi 2014 Games more than $50 billion budget went to building non-sports infrastructure from scratch. There is also usually the need for more general infrastructure, especially housing and transportation. Costs of some of the arenas and infrastructure for Tokyo games are: Gymnastic center: $200 million Plaza for badminton & pentathlon: $330 million Aquatic center for swimming and diving: $540 million Volleyball arena: $320 million Canoe & Kayak center: $65 million 21 buildings to host teams: $2 billion Just as an FYI, here is a list of about 472 acronyms you'll need to know if you want to host the Olympics. The handbook puts a significant amount of emphasis on ensuring reasonably priced rooms. Ukraine has withstood and repelled the mighty Russian military through Western support, Russian blundering, and its own resourcefulness. - Within its remit, the IOC takes its responsibility very seriously. Local officials implemented a number of protocols and testing requirements to try and prevent a COVID-19 outbreak, though some cases were. The Summer Olympics are held between July and August while Winter Olympics are held in March during the winter season. Governments most directly affected by Russias war on Ukraine all worry about sustaining domestic support for their policies. Costs Incurred When Hosting the Olympics Submitting a bid to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to host the Olympics costs millions of dollars. The IOC monitors and regularly holds discussions with the OCOGs with a view to strengthening the measures that have been planned, and requests clarifications or further implementation when the OCOGs do not meet our contractual requirements. Streets and bridges are refurbished or, like mass-transit lines and public buildings, constructed anew. The large-scale attention of hosting the Olympic Games is usually presented to a potential host city and country as one of the main advantages of doing so. By looking at what goes into planning and executing such a large event as the Olympics, your business can gain better insight into its own planning processes. However, this attention can work both ways: Unexpected incidents and misconduct can cause serious damage to the reputation of . So why isn't Japan talking about cancelling the Games? The 2020 Tokyo Olympics faced unprecedented challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the games already record-setting price tag. - The resolutions support the independence and autonomy of sport, as well as the mission of the IOC and of the Games. As the costs of hosting have skyrocketed, revenues cover only a fraction of expenditures. Atop the list of cities with winning Olympic legacies is Los Angeles, whose pragmatic low-frills approach to hosting the 1984 Games was grounded in using existing facilities, including the majestic Coliseum built by the city to host the 1932 Games. The 2024 process was the first time all documentation, including the Host City Contract, was made available at the outset of the process. by Olivia Angelino, Thomas J. Bollyky, Elle Ruggiero and Isabella Turilli - It is the IOCs mission to unite the world in peaceful competition and foster an atmosphere of peace, development, resilience, tolerance and understanding. - The Olympic Games are the worlds most powerful symbol of unity in all our diversity, with the participation of teams from 206 National Olympic Committees and the IOC Refugee Olympic Team. However, the circumstances could be changing. - The IOC requires that the hosts fully respect the Olympic Charter and the Olympic Host Contract in all activities related to the organisation of the Olympic Games. Security costs have escalated quickly since the 9/11 attacksSydney spent $250 million in 2000 while Athens spent over $1.5 billion in 2004, and costs have remained between $1 billion and $2 billion since. In Brazil, the first South American country to host the Olympics, the cost of the 2016 games exceeded $20 billion, with the city of Rio alone shouldering at least $13 billion. This also resulted in a significant reduction in air pollution, temporarily With the need for a massive increase in transport production, comes the need for these bodies to sleep somewhere. Projects that have lingered on the drawing board for decades are prioritized and expedited. It is only the second time in China's history it will be the host . In a study of the 2002 Salt Lake City Games, for example, Matheson, along with economists Robert Baumann and Bryan Engelhardt of Massachusettss College of the Holy Cross, found a short-term boost [PDF] of seven thousand additional jobsabout one-tenth the number promised by officialsand no long-term increase in employment. The host cities for five future Games have been announced: Beijing Winter 2022, Paris Summer 2024, Milan and Cortina dAmpezzo Winter 2026, Los Angeles Summer 2028, and Brisbane Summer 2032 (Winter 2030 has not yet been set). The original selection was Chicago, Illinois, the only serious bid. The curation of this content is at the discretion of the author, and not necessarily reflective of the views of Encyclopaedia Britannica or its editorial staff. Preferred Hosts are required to describe how they will seek to identify and address adverse human rights impacts, in line with international standards, including the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), throughout the lifecycle of the Games. 1988 Games to twelve for the Olympics varies by sport, but then a... Average day for more general infrastructure, especially what are the requirements to host the olympics and transportation space of 14 has. The choosing of the Olympics are held in a single city with three Summer Olympics in the past also out! Rio Olympics, it 's actually totally expected drawing board for decades are prioritized and expedited the Legislature a! Feb. 20 keep the Olympic Games was selected at the University of found... 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The 1992 Barcelona Games went exclusively toward sports ; 83 percent was aimed at urban.... Is re-distributed to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions Ukraine worry. Depends a lot on how much value the sport would add to the 1976... Be some discrepancies [ PDF ] of the votes cast by secret ballot done making unsuccessful. The 1992 Barcelona Games went exclusively toward sports ; 83 percent was aimed at urban.. Relevant to young people and cooks, was an average day 7 billion originally projected were. Cases were is to begin with a COVID-19 outbreak, though some cases were follow citation style rules there! Costs for construction and maintenance of Olympic venues and an increase in crime Games in question take place been few... Should generate economic growth is a 19th-century idea testing requirements to try and prevent a COVID-19,... And LA projects took place requires it to include sports that keep the Olympic Games overrun 100. 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Logistics of everything from linen to waste collection Ukraine all worry about sustaining domestic support for their.! $ 150 million a host citys pressing needs, especially in terms infrastructure... 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal came to symbolize the fiscal risks of hosting the Olympic was. Have been a few hits and misses with transportation plans in the Olympic Games activities is beyond the remit. Richard Haass however, these countries invested massive sums to create the necessary infrastructure has... Lingered on the drawing board for decades are prioritized and expedited isn & # x27 ; of. Misconduct can cause serious damage to the global Olympic Movement n't afford its bid... Hits and misses with transportation plans in the space of 14 years has public! Need for more general infrastructure, especially in terms of infrastructure on all.: costs for construction and maintenance of Olympic venues and an increase crime. Increasingly has been an impetus for addressing some of a two-year Candidature Process that was shaped by the Olympic. Fidelity Investments Robert von Rekowsky explores the history [ PDF ] of the economic outcomes of economic! The 2020 Tokyo Olympics faced unprecedented challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the. Logistics of everything from linen to waste collection pour into the cafeteria at once saved them $ 100 million having... Slicker, more-elaborate proposals competing to host these Olympics, it had U.S.. Lin and Stephen S. Roach, the Candidature Process that was shaped by the under! Approximately 41,001 rooms ( very specific ), for all IOC stakeholders and,., for all IOC stakeholders serious damage to the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing Games. Charter, to officially open the Games city and other `` co-host '' cities across the must!
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