In WWI the Ministry of Munitions took over responsibility for manufacture of explosives (see H. M. Explosive Factories) and for filling of munitions (see National Filling Factories and National Projectile Factories, etc). Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: MJB Incendiary Annexe to MJ Hendon, AUSTRALIA. information and 233,587 images on early companies, their products and the The headstamp code B denoting the manufacturer should not be confused with B as in BVIIZ which indicates incendiary ammunition. G18F1 or C18F1 Government Cartridge Factory No 1, Blackheath, Staffs., UNITED KINGDOM. 1807 Small arms manufacture moved to the Royal Manufactory of Small Arms at Lewisham. Town Centre redeveloped. In addition to the .303 cartridges manufactured for Egypt this company also manufactured nitro-cellulose loaded 7.7 x 56R cartridges, which are interchangeable with the .303 round and are known to have been produced in: Incendiary Armour Piercing with Thermite filling, Incendiary Armour Piercing with Phosphorus filling, C.. Pirotecnico di Capua, ITALY. Prior to the formation of Kynoch Ltd (see later entry) it was known to have produced .303 cartridges in: GEVELOT Gevelot & Gaupillat Freres, Paris, FRANCE. The coal mining at Whitworth and a small foundry at Merrington Lane were the earliest industries, but in 1853 the Weardale Iron and Coal Company opened its great ironworks at Tudhoe. We were then taken to the canteen for lunch, which consisted of battered spam and chips. 1928 Spennymoor Golf Club opened at North Close. Cost 87,000. Penny Rate Product 23,000. 1811 The Royal Small Arms Factory site at Enfield was purchased. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: 180 & 215 gr jacketed soft point sporting ammunition, RR or RRCO Ross Rifle Co, Montreal, CANADA. Types of Royal Ordnance Factories (ROFs) 1. RTS Richard Threlfall and Sons, UNITED KINGDOM. Small Arms Ammunition - This type of factory was, in essence, an Engineering factory which specialised in the production of small arms shell casings. Although coal-mining continued and the ironworks and engineering businesses were also providing employment, the start of the 20th century saw the start, too, of a long period of depression. 1985 There were 12 Royal Ordnance Factories still in operation. WCC Western Cartridge Co., East Alton, Ill., UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. We had stirrup pumps to put out fires from Incendiary Bombs. Grace's Guide is the leading source of historical information on industry and The ROF Regiment were stationed in Spennymoor factory. It is impossible to walk between the rows of cottages without being convinced that the surface of the ground is to a large extent composed of the overflowing contents of these midden boxes. Royal Powder Mill Factory No 31. Although the factory was completed in 1816, it was not until the 1850s that it was in a position to produce large enough quantities of weapons to service the British military after mechanised machinery from the US was installed. Known to have produced .303 cartridges 1941 1945 in: RL Royal Laboratory, Woolwich Arsenal, Kent, UNITED KINGDOM. Known to have manufactured .303 cartridges in: GKB or K George Kynoch, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM. This round had a nitro-cellulose powder charge with a 175 grain boat tailed, streamline, jacketed bullet having a muzzle velocity of 2550 feet per second. Tracer, armour piercing and incendiary cartridges were adopted by the British Government during 1915, explosive bullets having been approved for service in 1916. Known to have manufactured 7.7 x 56R bulleted blanks, which are interchangeable with the .303 cartridge. 1891 Whitworth Hall restored after fire of 1877. The works then possessed the largest mill in Europe, capable of rolling plates up to 13 feet in width. Royal Arsenal Factory No 1. The propellant interests being concentrated mainly at Ardeer within the Nobel Division of ICI. With few exceptions, the housing situation was little better than when Dodd had described the houses as more like piggeries. Originally colour markings arose from the need to make a quick visual check of the arrangements in a machine gun belt and they are now almost universally applied. FN Fabrique National dArmes de Guerre, Herstal, BELGIUM. High Street, Some military training seems to have been given, doubtless with a view to the then unsettled state of the country due to the growing tension between Parliament and the King. c 1948. A Pretoria West Metal Pressings Pty., Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA. This factory was set up as part of the 1939-45 war emergency plans and produced its first complete .303 rounds in October 1940. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: Short Range Practice ( New Zealand Pattern), 215 gr RNSP, 180 gr PSP, 180 gr HP, 174 gr PSP, 150 gr PSP, 130 gr PSP and 150 gr HP Sporting Ammunition, Mks 4 and 5 Big Game Exploder Sporting Ammunition. This factory was also set up as part of the 1939-45 war emergency expansion plans. 1560 The Gunpowder Mills at Waltham Abbey were opened.[1]. Most of the content on this site is created by our users, who are members of the With the creation of the Ministry of Munitions, it was a logical step for that Ministry to take over supervision of these factories and co-ordinate their production with that of the other National Factories then being established. The land on which Spennymoor now stands was once a vast expanse of moorland covered with thorn and whin bushes (Spenny Moor). Dean & Chapter andMainsforth Collieries opened. Jackson, in his Place Names of Durham, 1916, suggests a Scandinavian Spaan meaning shingle-hut and Anglo-Saxon combination involving mar Spennymoor being the moor called after the shingle-hut erected thereon. 1763 The Greenwich magazine was moved to Purfleet. .303 cartridges known to have been produced with the Blackpole headstamped cases from 1941 to 1945 are: Cartridge Rifle Grenade, Ballistite H Mk 1Z. You appear to have JavaScript disabled in your browser settings. Royal Arsenal Factory No 1. text of this web site is available under the Creative Engineering - This type of factory produced bomb and shell casings and other metal-based components for all types of munitions. 8). 1987 Middlestone Moor Community Centre extended. This factory made and marked cases but filling was carried out at the Royal Ordnance Factory Swynnerton, Staffs. There was no production of .303 ammunition in 1961. K5 Imperial Chemical Industries Kynoch factory at Kidderminster, Worcestershire., UNITED KINGDOM. This factory was built in 1916 and was administered on behalf of the Government by the Kings Norton Metal Co. Production of .303 cartridges did not start until late 1918 and the production of all ammunition finally ceased in early 1919. We were also allowed inside a Halifax Bomber and according to a map we flew all over Darlington and Durham. Known to have produced .303 ball cartridges, A.VIS Atelier de Fabrication de Vincinnes, FRANCE. The later Mark 6 and 7 incendiary rounds could also be used in this role if required. Call Us: 01388 815276 asked the Minister of War Transport (1) whether he will provide omnibus facilities to enable girls to travel from Ferryhill and Merrington to the Royal Ordnance factory at Spennymoor in time to commence work at 7.30 a.m., and an omnibus service back to Ferryhill at 5 p.m.; I remember Tudhoe Colliery being bombed. Maintained by Sapere Software. Kenmirs Furniture Factory and the old Arcadia Cinema were both destroyed by fire. British military contracts 1914 1917, Ball, Mk 7Z (Canadian Pattern). Her advance guards clashed with some of Douglas men near Ferryhill and chased them back to the bridge at Croxdale (Sunderland Bridge). C.E. Initially ICI Ltd were to have operated this plant but they were advised in 1940 of the change in plans and the factory was run as a Royal Ordnance Factory by the Ministry of Supply. Woolwich Arsenal, of which the Royal Laboratory was only a part, is situated in South East London on the River Thames. WRA = Winchester Repeating Arms - New Haven, Connecticut. The latter resulted in colliery workers houses springing up on the main Durham road. ROF Aycliffe; Filling Factory No. This cartridge is interchangeable with the .303 British cartridge. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: DC Defence Industries, Brownsburgh, Quebec, CANADA. V.E.Day. This is an insight into the Aycliffe Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF 59, (1941-1945) and the 'Aycliffe Angels'. CAC Colonial Ammunition Co., Auckland, NEW ZEALAND. Butchers Race, one of the Five Lanes which meet at Tudhoe Crossroads, was so named after this foray. It was intended as a training aid only, for the observation of long range shooting where accuracy of fire was not always easily defined, even if tracer ammunition was used. Ammunition production ceased completely at Woolwich in 1957, the last known production of .303 ammunition there being Mk 7 Ball in 1957. Its head office is at Glascoed. This ammunition is known to have been commercially exported by the manufacturer post 1950 to Afghanistan and India. El Alamein. 1853 Tudhoe Ironworks established. On explosive anti Zeplin cartridges. As he was being transferred from Italy to Germany he escaped by jumping from the train and for this among many other things he received the Military Medal. HXP Greek Powder and Cartridge Co, Athens, GREECE. Penny Rate Product 18,500. Modern Spennymoor was built on mining and has its origins with the sinking of the Wittered pit in 1839. Known to have produced .303 cartridges with this headstamp April 1921 to December 1923, although some also produced in March 1924. CHINA is known to have produced some 7.7mm rimmed ammunition for use in captured Japanese machine guns from 1945 onwards. Spennymoor Leisure Pool opened cost 1.6m. In 1930 the coke ovens which remained on the ironworks site were only working intermittently. In WWII Explosives factories were established at[9]: WWII: 20 Filling factories were planned but only 16 were built including[11] [12]: WWII: Other Filling factories were devoted to Small Arms Ammunition: Grace's Guide web site design is Copyright 2021 by Grace's Guide Ltd. Known to have produced .303 cartridges up to 1919 in: L There is some confusion over this headstamp code as both Lorenz Ammunition and Ordnance Co, Millwall, London, UNITED KINGDOM and Ludlow and Co, Wolverhampton, Staffs, UNITED KINGDOM are believed to have used a L as their code and both manufactured .303 cartridges between 1887 and 1890. Royal Ordnance Factories were for explosives manufacture, filling of munitions and engineering. Subsequently became part of BAE Systems Land and Armaments business. MF or AF Small Arms Ammunition Factory No 1, Footscray, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA. I was given a badge for helping to raise money for the war effort. 2005 BAe Land Systems Munitions and Ordnance employs about 1650 people at sites including the former RO sites at Birtley, Bishopton, Bridgwater, Chorley, Glascoed, Radway Green and Shrivenham. 11. ROF Blackpool; SAA Factory. World War II had diverse effects upon the town. After the war in 1918 Kynoch Ltd, in common with most other British small arms ammunition manufacturers, was merged into Explosives Trades Ltd, later to become Nobel Industries. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose filled .303 cartridges in: 174 gr Full jacket boat tail bulleted ammunition, 150 and 174 gr jacketed soft point sporting ammunition. 1942 1942 1943 1944 Tikkakoski Arsenal - Finland Tikkakoski was the first private arms manufacturer in Finland. In 1926 when Nobel Industries became part of the new Imperial Chemical Industries, the old Kynoch factory at Witton was retained as the ammunition centre as part of the Metal Group within ICI. 01388 815276 County Durham, The next day the main bodies of the two armies met at Nevilles Cross, near Durham, and the Scots were slaughtered. Tracer Mk VII.G, G Mk 1, G Mk 2, G Mk 2Z, G Mk 3, Tracer G Mk 3Z, G Mk 4, G Mk 5, G Mk 6, G Mk 6Z, G Mk 7, G Mk 8 and G Mk 8Z, 180 gr Jacketed soft point sporting ammunition, Streamlined Pattern 1936-37 Match Cartridge, Bulleted blanks for Bren, Lewis and Vickers, Experimental armour piercing incendiary (1956). Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 (identified on headstamp as 7.70) cartridges during 1918 in: Also known to have produced ball rounds in the 1920s and 30s, A VE Atelier de Construction de Valence, FRANCE. 1759 Government purchase of the privately-owned gunpowder mill at Faversham and the establishment there of the Royal Powder Mill. 1938 Reconstruction of Tudhoe Mill Sewerage Works. 1985 Victoria Jubilee Park purchased by the Town Council. The main factor was the opening in 1941 of a Royal Ordnance Factory at Merrington Lane and since then this estate has provided a constant source of alternative employment to the coal industry. This company manufactured ammunition from an early stage, finally ceasing production in the late 1950s. 1939 Outbreak of World War II. This cupro-nickle jacketed bullet, produced at the Dum Dum ammunition factory in India, had an exposed lead nose which gave rapid expansion on impact and therefore greater wounding effect when it hit a body. On 2 January the majority were vested in the UK Government-owned company Royal Ordnance Plc together with 3 Agency-operated Factories, the Waltham Abbey south site and the Royal Small Arms Factory. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: K or KYNOCH Kynoch & Co, Witton, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM. In 1677 the small freeholders and the local gentry divided 243 acres of the moor between themselves, an act which was confirmed by the Chancery Court. In 1887, when they were renamed the Royal Ordnance Factories, control passed to the financial secretary's Civil Department, from which in 1899 they returned to the . Nevertheless, the whole of this countryside was made desolate by Williams soldiers, and for many years it was the haunt of outlaws and wild animals. The USA had also produced the .303 Pattern 1914, also known as the Rifle No 3 Mk 1 or 1*, for the British Government during the First World War. Known to have produced .303 ball cartridges. 8 ROF Birtley. Manufactured .303 cartridges with this headstamp March 1925 to April 1926. This distinction was abandoned in May 1920 and thereafter all ball rounds had the purple annulus. 2001 Memorial to two Hurricane pilots killed in aircrash at Tudhoe in 1942 unveiled at York Hill Cemetery. 8; . KN Kings Norton Metal Co., Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM. 1951 Population 19,740. Spennymoor is a town in County Durham, England. Brighter Days Chamber pressure however was higher at 20 21 tons per square inch compared to the 19.5 tons per square inch of the Mark VII round. 2003 Spennymoor Cemetery Memorial Garden officially opened. CAC Colonial Ammunition Co., Melbourne, AUSTRALIA. 1976 750,000 Spennymoor Recreation Centre opened. AOC Bombrini, Parodi et Delfino, Rome, ITALY. All these villages had common rights on the moor but, as it became denuded by increasing flocks, some of the local people were induced to relinquish their rights and so, gradually, the common became the property of just one owner Merrington Priory. When cap annulus colours were first introduced in 1918 the Ball Mk VIIz had the annulus coloured black while the Ball Mk VII had the entire cap area coloured purple. Single lineRailway Bridge built over High Street. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: Ball, Nitro-cellulose Mk 8Z ( Canadian Pattern ), Cartridge Rifle Grenade, Ballistite H Mk 1Z ( Canadian Pattern ), Tracer G Mk 2Z, G Mk 4Z, G Mk 6Z ( Canadian Pattern ). Solid Case, .303inch. There are entire streets without any closet accommodation whatever and in its stead open wooden boxes are placed opposite nearly every doorway for the reception of the excrement, ashes and other refuse; an arrangement which, besides being revolting to every sense of decency, is stated to be offensive in the extreme, especially in hot weather. This story has been placed in the following categories. My brother-in-law was taken prisoner in Italy. Royal Ordnance Factory. Royal Small Arms Factory Enfield Factory No 2. Hornady Hornady have manufactured their Custom brand of nitro-cellulose loaded .303 ammunition in the following sporting cartridges: 150 gr Spire Point Soft nosed sporting cartridge, 174 gr Round Soft nosed sporting cartridge. 1987 Town wins National Allotment Society Waterlow Trophy. These appalling conditions continued into the 20th century and even by 1920 less than 10% of the town houses had water closets. I worked at the Royal Ordnance factory at Spennymoor. Colour coding appears in several forms on small arms ammunition. Copyright of content contributed to this Archive rests with the author. manufacturing in Britain. Nobel Industries in turn was to become part of the new giant Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd when it was formed in 1926. It is known to have produced .303 cartridges in: Ball, Cordite Mk 2, Mk 2 Special, Mk 6 and Mk 7. This factory made and marked cases but filling was carried out at the Royal Ordnance Factory Swynnerton, Staffs. T = Tikkakoski Arsenal - Finland. This company represents the only new commercial ammunition manufacturer put into business by the Government as a result of demand in the 1914- 18 war. 1996 Tony Blair, M.P., opens the new Page Bankroad bridge. In 1910 the 174 grain pointed Mark VII bullet was adopted and the muzzle velocity was increased to 2440 feet per second. Factory in operation 1828 1919. 1949 Bungalows built at Middlestone Moor. 1899 Control of the factories was returned to the Ordnance Department. ROF Bishopton; Explosive ROF (3 factories). Skip to main content Hansard UK Parliament Hansard http://www.durhamatwar.org.uk/material/569/, 1837 Spennymoors firstRailway Station built, 1839 Shaft sunk at Whitworth Park Colliery, 1841- Spennymoor National School (Dysons) opened. This company was formed in 1897 and was a wholly owned subsidiary of Nobels explosive company who also owned a further ammunition plant, fully acquired in 1907, at Waltham Abbey, Essex. When operational, the Bishopton site was the Royal Ordnance's primary manufacturer of propellants for gun and rocket systems and around 75% of the . Monogram in use 1940 to 1945. At various times it had propellant factories at Arklow, County Durham, making cordite; at Warsboro Dale, Yorkshire, making blackpowder and at Kynochtown, Stanford Le Hope, Essex, making smokeless powder. Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 1972 Cambridge Theatre/Cinema destroyed by fire. The three historic state-controlled munitions factories at Woolwich, Enfield, and Waltham Abbey were taken over as National Factories were controlled by the Army Board at the outbreak of the war, under the Master General of the Ordnance. We were chosen because we had produced the most cases in a certain time and had been neither late or absent. Used code U from 1939 1961 and SAM thereafter. Cordite consisted of 58% Nitro-glycerine, 37% Nitro-cellulose and 5% Mineral Jelly and was normally pressed into cord form but tubular, tape, flaked and sliced cordite were also used. 1880 Tudhoe Iron Works produced 17,000 tons of iron and 2,000 tons of steel. It was originally built by the Normans and its splendid strategic position led to it being fortified in 1143 by the Scots intruder, William Cumyn. I worked at the Royal Ordnance factory (ROF) at Spennymoor. Grace's Guide is the leading source of historical information on industry and Spennymoor Health Centre opened. In the next few years only between one and four houses were built in any year and in 1929 the housing situation was still reported as acute which, from the recorded facts, seems self-evident. referenced. MW Small Arms Ammunition Factory No 6, Welchpool, AUSTRALIA. Mon - Thurs 8:45 - 17:00, Fri 8:45 - 16:30 M Nobel Explosives Ltd., Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM. Kirk Merrington football field refurbished. K2 Imperial Chemical Industries Kynoch factory at Standish, near Wigan, Lancs, UNITED KINGDOM. A A On cartridges c 1917 indicated a Pomeroy explosive incendiary Mk 2 bullet, C on early pre 1912 cartridges denoted a Cordite propellant charge, K On cartridges c 1918 indicated a Brock explosive incendiary bullet, Z indicated a nitro-cellulose propellant charge in the cartridge. The Royal Small Arms Factory site at Enfield was purchased in 1811 and operations commenced in 1816; the work of the Lewisham establishment was transferred there in 1818. . Smart and Brown opens on Ordnance Factory site. This is a list of Royal Ordnance Factories . 1994 Town wins National Allotment Society Waterlow Trophy. 1986 Tudhoe Community Centre built. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 Ball cartridges 1923. information and 237,145 images on early companies, their products and the Royal Ordnance Factory. ROF Featherstone; Filling Factory No. The new St. Charles School opened. 1985 Largest European manufacturer of ammunition, 1986 Royal Ordnance was bought by British Aerospace (BAe). Post-WWI Returned to lower production levels. The small number of factories involved in nuclear weapons production, ROF Burghfield and ROF Cardiff, did not pass over to Royal Ordnance upon privatisation but were transferred to the control of AWRE. In 1918 this factory was capable of producing at the rate of about 10 million rounds per month. This powder charge being pressed into a pellet with both ends slightly rounded and pierced with a flash hole through the centre. Birmingham Metal and Munitions had ceased manufacture of ammunition by 1920. It was really pitiful, these lads had had a terrible time. Spennymoor Town Council, This factory made and marked cases but filling was carried out at the Royal Ordnance Factory Swynnerton, Staffs. Even by 1938 the situation had improved little. The round nose bullet form of the Black Powder Mark 1 and 2 and of the Cordite Mark 1 and 2 were felt by many servicemen to have less man stopping effect than the old lead .45 inch Martini bullet, the predecessor in service of the .303 cartridge. 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