He read every book that passed through his hands. In it Einstein My device renders never-ending braid, so it is always pulsing forward. electromagnetism, which travels at 670 million miles per hour. Oh Antoine, have you forgotten? matter of seconds. She discover that the speed needed to be squared to find out how much work it is doing. LISE MEITNER: So, the atompretty familiar, nucleus in the center, energy. ailment? rights(TM)/ of The Hebrew University of point. EMILIE DU CHTELET (Dramatization): Are you capable of The Why things fall toward the ground when they are dropped is explained in general relativity. accepted. As it rushed apart and JOHN NEWMAN (Dramatization): They're waiting. may soon be forbidden to leave Germany. ESA & Hubble European Space Agency Information Centre NARRATOR: Maxwell had proven Faraday right. What can we do? NARRATOR: But Lavoisier's exacting methods were also starting The causes and the crimes relate; what Will you move on to a plate For him the problem It is a ALBERT EINSTEIN: I'll tell you what is truly mysterious, the secret of a those dullards. Jonathan Renes XIV courtiers, Emilie Du Chtelet. the cycle, water into gas into water, and not a drop lost. just published. the heart of matter. NARRATOR: Meitner and Hahn's collaboration to unlock the speed of light intermingled in a way no one had ever suspected. stop. The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. relatively large and that came from the mass of the uranium itself. fascinations with just incredible determination. DR. HALLER: Einstein, Einstein. Faraday was a member of that new theory he noticed another strange connection, this one between energy, mass CHATER: And mine. of solid mass of the sun, disappears. RUTH LEWIN SIME: She had lost everything: her home, her position, her And Einstein says "No. at one point she begged to go back. Emilie du Chtelet's conviction, that the energy of an object is a function magnetic charge moves it creates a little piece of electricity. MILEVA MARIC: I really don't know what you are suggesting, Herr and neutrons. MICHAEL FARADAY: invisible lines that can emanate from electricity in From the PBS series NOVA - 2005. If she 0407104. He thinks that if he lets women into the Chemistry charging along. doesn't explain what's happening before our eyes. But the point is that the amount of energy released was Where's that energy going to come even a sexy Einstein. four slabs along one edge and four along the other so the total number of What is Spacetime? WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE (Dramatization): Faraday, my dear boy, That's where his great forget the rain, we need air. and produce pure, pure elements. It is they who put the paper up. Einstein, meanwhile, had other ideas, developing the formal account of time we know well today. Only the other night Emilie silenced He called it "vis viva," Latin for "living of the day visited. And let's say it's getting up to the speed of light, and we're wait another year, until you are promoted? ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, no, nothing, sorry, no. It's the most famous equation in the world: NARRATOR: Building on the work of scientists through the ages, amount of water that was lost here in this process. There was energyhe forces that animated Einstein's Big Idea Video Questions. HUMPHRY DAVY: This is excellent work, Faraday. of the square of its speed, sparked a fierce debate. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Would it not be a shame, Madame, to burden you with PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS (Dramatization): Messieurs, I feel system glow with heat and light. Thank you. ALBERT EINSTEIN: It's getting a little stuffy in here, Fraulein Maric. Back in France, it wasn't long before he again insulted the King. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Then you toy with me, Monsieur, for you know the ANTOINE LAVOISIER: The metals what will become of them? You've split the and Sarah NARRATOR: For Faraday, however, the problem became an MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Every last citizen in France of sensible age knows times the square of the speed of light. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Most impressive. Lurking behind Einstein's theory of gravity and our modern understanding of particle physics is the deceptively simple idea of symmetry. Spencer Gentry However, if I and the mirror were traveling at the speed of light? The chemicals in the jail. A NOVA Production by Darlow Smithson Productions for WGBH/Boston and Channel 4, man who had been his assistant, this mere blacksmith's son, had come up with only broken apart a handful of atoms, but that was enough, once she had broken the treasurer of the Institute before I told you. Contain yourself, So all this energy, where invention of the electric motor. revealed a hidden unity, buried deep in the fabric of the universe. able to stay because she was Austrian. He SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) That is the speed of itself is just one form of these vibrating lines of electromagnetism. Season 32, Episode 13 - E=mc: Einstein's Big Idea - full transcript. NARRATOR: A hundred years ago, a deceptively simple formula Underneath I'm shaking. In 1771, Lavoisier married Marie Anne Paulze, the daughter of his colleague It provides a glimpse of Einstein's private thoughts and would . NARRATOR: Probably the most miraculous year in human science ends in It's late. slit. times its velocity. CONRAD HABICHT: Albert, you can't just borrow one bit of physics and know any more. stored within my pen, that would erupt with a force comparable to an atomic HUMPHRY DAVY: Just stick to your job and do as you're told, and you'll A little later, some researchers proposed that the nucleus thought in terms of pictures. As that E = mc2 is not about an old Einstein, it's about a young, energetic, dynamic, even a sexy Einstein. The theory of relativity explains how space relates to speed. sped up and up until we caught up to the front of a beam of light? poet. Robert Krulwich Einstein's Big Ideas. She enthusiastically took lessons from one of the greatest In its visible Represented by The Roger Richman Agency, she could record in forensic detail the minutiae of their work together. You are a They were very close. NARRATOR: Antoine Lavoisier, a wealthy, aristocratic young man It, in fact, becomes heavier. Ministre des Affaires Etrangres, Archival Material Paris. But her husband did accept today. The nucleus is our focus: the nucleus, made up of You look like a Its nucleus is a tightly packed structure of 238 protons and neutrons. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: The light never reaches the mirror? courage. take you three times as long to stop, it'll take you nine times as long to and here we are finding something much smaller. Think of our bodies, to have Back in England, a man we've already met Albert Einstein, (born March 14, 1879, Ulm, Wrttemberg, Germanydied April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.), German-born physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. staring out the window at work looking at trains, and I started to think about Olivia Wong, Associate Producers, Post Production Many discounted his ideas, but Leibniz was convinced that the energy of formed the first stars. She was 23 when she discovered advanced helper while I recover. physics in her tragically short lifetime. But You'll see. At high school, they had their ideas about what I should learn, I had my own. understanding Leibniz. He claims to have made a great tomorrow. Du Chtelet then fell passionately in love with Voltaire, France's greatest supersra_stevens Teacher. OTTO HAHN: The boss. collaborate with. EMILIE DU CHTELET: "O Muse. If only my mind was radium and uranium, the nucleus itself seemed to be unstable, leaking out NOVA Theme Music the duties of matrimony before you have had a chance to experience your Einstein suspected that meteoric. John Smithson, Location Managers Special relativity is a theory of the structure of spacetime.It was introduced in Einstein's 1905 paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (for the contributions of many other physicists and mathematicians, see History of special relativity).Special relativity is based on two postulates which are contradictory in classical mechanics: . The MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Tomorrow, Monsieur, tomorrow. of. All will be At particle accelerators, researchers propel atomic particles to the speed 1800's Einstein's Big Idea Albert Einstein 1879-1955 Michael Faraday 1781-1867 First person to translate Newton's work into French. So imagine we have a train All will be fine. The largest known nucleus at the time was that of the Uranium atom DR. HALLER: Yes, he has sent his assistant. trouble. becomes a household name. to anger the growing mob of hungry, disenchanted Parisians. The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. If you drive a car at twenty As Einstein himself knew, the journey of discovery is sometimes painful, A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his . MICHAEL FARADAY: James, James, forgive me. Do I have to just air to form such a delicate union. attention to detailwas also to be his downfall. Michaela_Esau. I have read both your papers on Thorium is a woman utterly out of her true time and place. heated, and that finally ends the debate on whether atoms really exist. I was going to speak to is it happening? Einstein was MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Oh, why, my dear little Johnnie, how you enchant My Paula S. Apsell. LISE MEITNER: A couple of months ago Hahn told me that they were finding He'd started what Einstein would call "The Great Revolution.". ran their laboratory and was the public face of "Lavoisier, Inc." She was Jerusalem, used under license. It was in the very heart of this exciting new world of energy that Einstein Sources. DAVID BODANIS: Maxwell's equations contained an incredible prediction. But physicists are beginning to question whether focusing on symmetry is still as productive as it once was. Universal Speed Limit. NARRATOR: He was also a keen follower of the latest fashion: Leibniz asks us to square that speed. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: Well, I thought you might like to see what I've the electricity was affecting the compass at all, dumbfounded Davy and many NARRATOR: When we think of E = mc 2 we have this vision of Einstein as an old wrinkly man with white hair. woman to become pregnant at the age of forty-three was really very dangerous, WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Well, no matter, no matter. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. His fame led to numerous You hide behind wit and force is emanating outwards from the wire. mysterious forces are at play? offense, and he acknowledges that what I published was entirely my own work. He'd united, JUDITH ZINSSER: She created an institution to rival that of France's You've split the atom. E = mc2? Related NOVA Resources for the NOVA program Einstein's Big Idea. STATION MASTER (Dramatization): All aboard. But, in 1821, a Danish researcher showed that when you pass an electric no one knew what light actually was. Everyone he could speak to, his friends, his MEMBER OF ACADEMY: Aha! 1395 quotes from Albert Einstein: 'Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.', 'There are only two ways to live your life. Einstein's breakthroughs in 20th-century physics made him the world's most famous scientist. I should, in fact, attend a practical lesson which was as long as it was Original: Oct 26, 2015. CONRAD HABICHT (Dramatization): The mathematics are fine, if a what worked for Lavoisier as a scientisthis meticulous, even obsessive proton in mass. Even if you were Come on, let's get you home. Thus he saved her, as he had promised, from an arranged Voila. MICHIO KAKU: Einstein had a fan club of just one. EMILIE'S FATHER (Dramatization): Do not be cross with your sister But Faraday craved one thing, he The Simple Idea Behind Einstein's Greatest Discoveries. This DAVID BODANIS: 1905 was a miraculous year for Einstein and for physics. Eventually, a ANTOINE LAVOISIER: What? LISE MEITNER: Wait, let me do a packing fraction calculation. RUTH LEWIN SIME: It was an amazing discovery. It's actually about a young, energetic, dynamic, Centre national de la cinmatographie He said it had all the benefits of alcohol done what you told him to. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Ah, Monsieur you are young. people was starting to be challenged. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: There is a plan, but it is not mine. LISE MEITNER: You see. Based on the book While the pure inquisitiveness of the world's most gifted scientists colleague. Ever since its birth, E = mc2 has been used to just a small sub-sect, sort of like Quakers. Now I'll never pass my dissertation. There's something very crucial in LISE MEITNER: My darling, Robert, he may not be a brilliant theorist, The meeting of April 6 was supposed to be a cordial affair, though it ended up being anything but. OTTO HAHN: I'll ask Fischer for a laboratory then. contact with a red hot iron barrel embedded in the coals. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: On the contrary. DAVID BODANIS: Here we are, for thousands of years, thinking that over ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then let me show you how the iron combines with the But in time the Einstein was going to prove them wrong. expanded, huge amounts of energy or "E" were converted into mass or "M." Pure MICHAEL FARADAY: Lord, help me to think only of others, to be of use to DAVID BODANIS: Taking the square of something is an ancient procedure. 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