The Indian ocean lies to the east of Africa, Wiki User. It spans two oceans as it winds its way down the Atlantic seaboard in the west and up into the warmer Indian Ocean waters to the east. Warming seawaters threaten the incredible diversity associated with the regions coral reefs, leading to die-offs from bleaching. Some of the earliest hominin skeletal remains have been found in the wider region, including fossils discovered in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia, as well as in the Koobi Fora in Kenya and Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. Here's a small sample of Africa's best beaches. The waters of the Western Indian Ocean also support globally important shrimp and tuna industries. Ships sailed from there to western India to bring back cotton cloth, grain, oil, sugar, and ghee, while others moved down the Red Sea to the East African coast bringing cloaks, tunics, copper, and tin. Madagascar is by far the biggest, and a continent on its own when it comes to wildlife. Please click on this logo for more information. This includes some of the biggest animals in the sea: whale sharks, giant manta rays, humpback whales, dolphins, tiger sharks, and all the colors and wonder of tropical fish and coral reefs. The subregion stretches from Eritrea in the north to Mozambique in the south. [27] There are differing theories on whether there was a single exodus or several; a multiple dispersal model involves the Southern Dispersal theory. Aiming to reduce illegal activities, WWF helped the governments of Tanzania and Mozambique agree to work cooperatively on improving forest management. Best Answer. Author of. [22] Elsewhere the annual rainfall generally increases towards the south and with altitude, being around 400mm (16in) at Mogadishu and 1,200mm (47in) at Mombasa on the coast, whilst inland it increases from around 130mm (5in) at Garoowe to over 1,100mm (43in) at Moshi near Kilimanjaro. Through our involvement in the creation of local fishing associations, fishermen are recruited to monitor bycatch of turtles and dugongs and provide us with important data on population trends. The Protectorate of Uganda and the Colony of Kenya were located in a rich farmland area mostly appropriate for the cultivation of cash crops like coffee and tea, as well as for animal husbandry with products produced from cattle and goats, such as goat meat, beef and milk. KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/Getty Images. [46] It existed from approximately 100940 CE, growing from the proto-Aksumite Iron Age period c. 4th century BCE to achieve prominence by the 1st century CE. The British Empire set foot in the region's most exploitable and promising lands acquiring what is today Uganda, and Kenya. [72] In the video games Halo 2 and Halo 3, East Africa is one of the central locations for the campaigns.[73]. [29], According to both genetic and fossil evidence, it has been posited that archaic Homo sapiens evolved into anatomically modern humans in the Horn of Africa around 200,000 years ago and dispersed from there. Tanzania and Uganda fought the UgandaTanzania War in 19781979, which led to the removal of Uganda's despotic leader Idi Amin. However, politics have been turbulent at times, including the attempted coup d'tat in 1982 and the 2007 election riots. The most important site of this period yet to have been found is at Manda, near Lamu, on the Kenyan coast. One area of work focuses on tuna, as we seek to help fisheries achieve certification by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). WWF has also helped community fishing councils gain authority to combat illegal fishing in the reserve. It imported large quantities of Islamic pottery and, in the 9th and 10th centuries, Chinese porcelain. We also provide tools to reduce conflict with wildlife. But also because there are so many different tourist coasts along its length. The use of deterrentsnoise or chili peppershas resulted in a dramatic reduction of conflicts and crop field destruction. Like their predecessors, the Omani Arabs were primarily able only to control the coastal areas, not the interior. It's more than 41 million square miles, the second . Climate change is expected to intensify these and other problems. Whales, dolphins, dugongs and whale sharks inhabit these Indian Ocean waters. The visibility was less than five metres, and it was a disappointing dive. The Omani presence continued in Zanzibar and Pemba until the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964. Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya are not only sources of ivory, but also major conduits for illegal wildlife trade. Rhaptas main imports were metal weapons and iron toolssuggesting that iron smelting was not yet known. In 1895, from bases in Somalia and Eritrea, the Italians launched the First ItaloEthiopian War against the Orthodox Empire of Ethiopia. Only in quite recent times has agriculture spread to the more humid regions south of the equator, through the spread of cattle, sheep and crops such as millet. Coastal East Africa encompasses a beautiful tapestry of land and seafrom mountains and grasslands to mangroves and fringing coral reefs. On the east coast of Africaat the western edge of the Indian Oceanlies a narrow strip of land that has hosted travelers for thousands of years. Further information in the sections of Architecture of Africa: Further information in the sections of History of science and technology in Africa: Since the end of colonialism, several East African countries were riven with military coups, ethnic violence and oppressive dictators. Let's work together to safeguard these globally important reefs for the benefit of communities, the marine ecosystem, the nations of Kenya . KEN MORIYASU, Nikkei Asia chief desk editor June 30, 2021 03:53 JST. I saw this compass jellyfish at the safety stop at five metres after completion of the dive. Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. A frenzy of dolphins off the coast of Cote d-Ivoire Gary Krosin (Photographer of the Year 2018 Entrant), ? Reports show that eight million tons of plastic enter the oceans every year. [47] The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. Between the two rift valleys lies a plateau that comprises most of Uganda and western Tanzania and includes Lake Victoria. Only with more knowledge can we hope to make informed decisions. Most of the peoples of Eritrea and Ethiopiaand some of those in Tanzania and Kenyaspeak languages belonging to the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages. We encourage the use of drought resistant and high yield cropssuch as maize and beansand distribute improved seed varieties. Attacks followed on Hoja (now known as Ungwana, located at the mouth of the Tana River), Barawa, Angoche, Pate and other coastal towns until the western Indian Ocean was a safe haven for Portuguese commercial interests. The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. East Africa & Indian Ocean cruises. They have revealed an extensive pre-Muslim settlement standing on the edge of what was the finest harbour on the coast. Revenants of the German Empire: Colonial Germans, Imperialism, and the League of Nations", "Climate risk report for the East Africa region - Ethiopia | ReliefWeb", "7 Days in Entebbe and 13 Other Movies Set In East Africa", "World Population Prospects Population Division United Nations", "IFs Forecast Version 7.00 Google Public Data Explorer", Canada's Africa Oil starts Somalia seismic survey, "Economic Recovery and the Role of the State", "Somalia: Somaliland appeals for 'cooperation with Puntland' a second time", "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", List of countries where Arabic is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Africa&oldid=1142278246, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Articles needing additional references from December 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 14:36. The major difference between conservation of the animals on the land and that of the sea is that 30 million people rely on the coastal reef ecosystems to subsist and sustain their livelihoods. From the 1840s, cameras traced the international migrations of traders, sailors, sons, and daughters through Indian Ocean ports, continuing trade that dates back over five millennia. It is lined with coral reefs, majestic islands, and, under the surface, animals bigger than any of the "Big Five", and none of them are in game parks! The coastline of South Africa, stretching 1,740 miles (2,800 kilometers) From Mozambique to Namibia, is presided over by two great oceanic systems: a powerful current on one side of the continent . Within minutes, the blindingly bright white flats had been obscured by the downpour, and I lost the shark in the rain. The east coast of Africa holds a bounty of life that rivals the land. Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. Marine Turtle, African elephant, Black rhino, White rhino, Great white shark, Dugong, Whale shark, In response to Covid-19, a new partnership will boost the devastated nature-based tourism industry in Africa, Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. 1: The volcanic ridge offshore Mayotte. WWF helped Mozambique establish the Quirimbas marine reserve in 2002. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. We also work towards MSC certification for the deep water shrimp fishery in Mozambique. The Kiunga Marine National Reserve in Kenya supports the world's largest breeding colony of roseate terns. Turn-of-the-century maritime photographs, dhows off the east African coast Monsoon Dhows Sailors have harnessed the Indian Ocean's monsoon winds for at least two millennia. The Horn of Africa, a major peninsular extension of the African mainland into the Arabian Sea, contains the vast lowland coastal plains of Somalia. 293,654,000. We work on sustainable use of natural resources, such as certified timber or fisheries, which also creates incentives for conservation. (UK) +44 (23) 9387-7464 The ethnic fabric in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda is much more fragmented, with many smaller peoples intermingled or occupying discrete territories. These resources must be managed sustainably to ensure their future. A man exercises on an unseasonably warm December day in New York City. Along the coasts, you can find dugongs, whale sharks, dolphins, whales, and five species of marine turtles. [49], After their movements from their original homeland in West Africa, Bantus also encountered in central east Africa peoples of Cushitic origin. They are filter feeders by their specialised gills. 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