/TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 19 /Contents 284 0 R ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj << /StructParents 53 /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R Inequality of Education Opportunity increases the best schools get better and the worst get worse. charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 13 0 R The 1988 reforms played an unambiguous role in that improvement, says Phillips: They shone a spotlight on schools failing young people like this one.. /Contents 276 0 R Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. >> /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /Properties << /Contents 259 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R 35 0 obj It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. Ball, Bowe & Gerwitz investigated to see what impact the policies were having. >> /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /OCGs [7 0 R] The view that the 1988 Education Reform Act is influential in terms of controlling and progressing schools further could be seen as decisive, one reason being it could be a means of achieving control of the curriculum and the assessment, enabling them to progress and monitor there spending control, as well as the rise in the standards of school in terms of the competition and choice. /TT1 121 0 R 47 0 obj 17 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R >> >> Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. >> >> /StructParents 24 /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) /Parent 16 0 R >> >> /ExtGState << He is more guarded about the overall success of the market experiment: I would give it six out of 10. << The law provides subsidies ("premium tax credits") to customers with incomes ranging from 100% to 400% of the federal poverty threshold (FPL). /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Intake and its social class still influences how some parents make their choices and these subtle forces influence selection.. >> /StructParents 45 /Parent 16 0 R /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] /Type /Page 64 0 obj >> According to the results, the 1988 Education Reform Act has had a strong impact on teaching in the British primary schools. /Type /Page endobj << /Parent 13 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. /TT0 120 0 R 113 0 obj >> /Resources << >> /StructParents 77 (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). endobj /Font << Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, Advantages & disadvantages of The education reform act 1988. /TT0 120 0 R >> trailer /Contents 243 0 R /TT2 121 0 R >> >> /Rotate 0 >> /Resources << >> >> >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 23 0 obj The antics at the Durand Academy, relieved of its funding agreement by the Department for Education, have been well documented and watched closely by neighbouring schools such as like LIlian Baylis. /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 261 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 266 0 R /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> 16 0 obj /Type /Page /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R Finally, the principle of competition has been applied internationally, in the form of the PISA league tables. /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 3 0 R Disadvantages of Inclusive Education. /Resources << /Parent 13 0 R >> 93 0 obj /ExtGState << 77 0 obj 106 0 obj There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. >> 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> endobj The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> >> >> endobj /GS0 125 0 R The Education Reform Act (1988): introduced the national curriculum, league tables, and standardised testing. /Properties << >> /TT1 121 0 R /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /ExtGState << endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] A market is always going to have winners and losers. For instance, public policy decisions can be made by looking at decreasing state-administered tests in public schools if deficiencies in a particular subject are patent. 83 0 obj /Contents 267 0 R /Font << /ExtGState << << /StructParents 29 /Parent 14 0 R /TT0 120 0 R << >> >> 0000052072 00000 n /Properties << /Parent 10 0 R 9 0 obj /Parent 16 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT2 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). The ERA - known as the Butler Act - celebrated 30 years of being on the statute books in July 2018. /Parent 2 0 R /Type /Page /Contents 270 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << << /Font << /MC0 129 0 R 0000010001 00000 n /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R Inclusive education also benefits general education . /Type /Page >> /Font << /Count 10 This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. From a Neoliberal and New Right perspective the above is fundamentally flawed logic as it means that successful schools which are attracting more pupils are subsidising worse performing schools and so the 1988 Act required that LEASs hand over their money directly to schools based on pupil numbers (formula funding) which removed the power of LEAs to control local budgets. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Font << >> This will take effect in 2009. /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] (Read Arne Duncan's Britannica essay on "Education: The Great Equalizer.") /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 9 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Title /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /Font << /ExtGState << >> Several studies have shown that the improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth . /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Resources << endobj /Properties << /Parent 9 0 R Marketisation means creating an education market. 0000008485 00000 n /Font << /Type /Page /Parent 12 0 R /Rotate 0 /StructParents 33 The objective of the K+12 programs is to improve quality of basic education. /Properties << /Contents 278 0 R /Contents 290 0 R endobj /Type /Page /Rotate 0 0000035224 00000 n Go compare-style websites ranking local schools are taken for granted. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT2 226 0 R << endobj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Properties << /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /Properties << endobj /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Font << An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R /Font << But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Routledge. /F4 123 0 R Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /Parent 12 0 R << In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. /Parent 14 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 295 0 R endobj /Font << /Contents 241 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /ExtGState << /StructParents 32 >> Twenty years after the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA), BELMAS (British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society) held a discussion forum for academics, teachers and all those interested in education policy and practice. /Order [] >> /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /SourceModified (D:20040616123949) >> endobj /Font << << /Contents 293 0 R 1988 CHAPTER 40. Students who go to sink schools stand little hope of doing well. /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. /StructParents 59 Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page Disadvantages. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 13 0 R /Font << /StructParents 79 0000000016 00000 n /StructParents 48 /Type /Page OFSTED reports are published and underachieving school are shut if they consistently receive bad reports. /StructParents 87 0000001418 00000 n Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. >> /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /Resources << Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << 190 0 R 191 0 R] /Resources << >> /Properties << the 1988 Education Reform Act. /Parent 9 0 R /Rotate 0 endobj endobj >> 2 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R << /Type /Page 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? /Resources << 15 0 obj /Rotate 0 << /TT0 120 0 R The school you go to still depends on where you live we see parents swapping council houses to come here. 0000019248 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Length 963 /TT0 120 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R >> /Contents 302 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R << >> /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 265 0 R /Kids [102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R] endobj /Properties << /ExtGState << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 304 0 R >> Education Reform Act 1988. /TT3 159 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 >> endobj >> education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). /GS0 125 0 R endobj This benefits special education students and general education students alike. Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . >> /PageLabels 5 0 R People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.. >> Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. /Prev 308 0 R >> /Parent 15 0 R Some parts of the country, recently categorised in 12 new government-designated opportunity areas, appear stubbornly resistant to every policy initiative of the past 30 years. endobj The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. /First 18 0 R >> << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 2 The Affordable Care Act, or "ACA," is a national health-care reform bill that was passed in March 2010. << /Rotate 0 To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) Maclure, S. 1988. /Properties << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 262 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> >> /Rotate 0 Information in this post was derived from a selection of the main A-level sociology text books. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /TT3 159 0 R The idea is particularly associated with policies inspired by the New Right and with the Education Reform . /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. /TT3 159 0 R endobj 5 0 obj 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. Educational disadvantage is demonstrated in many ways, most often in poor levels of participation and achievement in the . endobj More accountability provided a great opportunity for my generation of school leaders to prove ourselves and the national curriculum was right because it reduced inequality, even if it has been undermined by academy freedoms. Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. << /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /Font << For marketization to work parents must have a choice of where to send their children. /ExtGState << /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT0 120 0 R /Title >> /Subtype /XML /Parent 10 0 R You cant close down failing schools until they have completely collapsed their roll. >> /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 3 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page minimal competition for funding the policy wont work unless parents a choice over which school to send their pupils to! The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market - plus back-door selection and even corruption. >> The Middle Classes have more effective choice because of their higher incomes, The Middle classes have more effective choice because of their greater cultural and social capital, Schools become more selective they are more likely to want pupils who are likely to do well. /Resources << /StructParents 81 49 0 obj endobj /ExtGState << /Font << /Type /Page >> /Resources << 102 0 obj A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj >> /Parent 11 0 R /Parent 19 0 R endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /Rotate 0 /Parent 3 0 R This is the act which more than any other has shaped the modern education system. /GS0 125 0 R /TT2 121 0 R >> << /Resources << /TT2 226 0 R << >> /RBGroups [] /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /Properties << >> /TT2 121 0 R /StructParents 76 /TT2 121 0 R /Dest [24 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /Resources << 90 0 obj <>stream /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 74 >> /Parent 11 0 R 78 0 obj >> /Font << The New Rights 1988 Education Reform Act put in place the policies which aimed to achieve the goal of raising standards. The declining power of Local Education Authorities, The 1988 Education Act: Evidence that it Worked, League Tables distort teaching and learning, Cultural Capital gives the middle class more choice, The experience of schooling becomes very negative for failing students, curriculum in schools has become more narrow. The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. 0000001632 00000 n << >> 43 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R << /Parent 11 0 R endobj /StructParents 13 << << /Type /Page /ExtGState << /Contents 224 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page >> /StructParents 69 >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << << /Contents 269 0 R /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 We use cookies to improve your website experience. /Rotate 0 endobj The twentieth anniversary of the 1988 Education Reform Act [1] provides an opportunity to assess two decades of unprecedented political centralisation of education in the United Kingdom. In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . >> >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page >> 108 0 obj /Rotate 0 >> >> /StructParents 10 >> /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 91 0 obj Did the schools market deliver?, which looks back at the 30 years since the passage of the 1988 act. /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT1 121 0 R << << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Pages Private schools have always operated on these principles they charge fees and compete with each other for customers. An Act to amend the law relating to education. >> The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. 52 0 obj /Font << << /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page It was this that then set the scene for successful schools to be able to expand and failing schools to collapse (and, following further policy changes later on under New Labour and other successive governments) to be taken over by successful schools. /Font << Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning Gage, N.L. After 30 years of 'go compare', English education is a wild west. /Contents 285 0 R 88 0 obj /Contents 225 0 R /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 226 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Next 19 0 R Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /Type /Page >> /Parent 10 0 R It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . >> >> >> /Contents 303 0 R 84 0 obj The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. >> endstream endobj 58 0 obj < :>x)/P -44/R 2/U($AA;KSE)/V 1>> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> endobj 61 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 62 0 obj <> endobj 63 0 obj <> endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj [/ICCBased 83 0 R] endobj 66 0 obj [/Separation/PANTONE#20Red#20032#20C 65 0 R 84 0 R] endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <. stream /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] % /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> >> /Font << /Parent 12 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /Parent 15 0 R /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /TT2 121 0 R /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 268 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> >> >> >> >> /TT0 120 0 R 66 0 obj The New Rights core aim for education was to improve standards through marketisation, which in turn required giving parents more choice over where their children went to school. endobj >> The English schools hierarchy is as powerful as ever, with some choices only available to a select group of parents who can afford hefty fees, move to the catchment of a successful school, or pay for costly private tuition to pass high-stakes entrance exams. 50 0 obj [29th July 1988] BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- . /Parent 13 0 R /Last 19 0 R >> >> as comprehensive schools have such large intakes, it makes discipline more challenging in addition the anonymity students feel in such large schools makes it . Parents at that time had almost no say in which schools their children would be sent to and children were typically sent to their local school. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. >> The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. More limited claims for the thesis are posited. /Type /Page >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R >> endobj endobj >> Security Through Biometric Authentication: One . The Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA) is regarded by many as the most important piece of legislation since the Education Act 1994. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << 85 0 obj << endobj /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> /Contents 275 0 R >> /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] endobj /StructParents 7 /Parent 15 0 R /StructParents 23 Where did all the GCSE pupils go and why has no one noticed? /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. >> /Type /Page >> Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. /Contents 287 0 R /Properties << /Contents 235 0 R /StructParents 11 /MC0 129 0 R << /Properties << >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /StructParents 25 Popular schools havent expanded to accommodate all comers, as pure market advocates predicted, and failing schools have proved hard to close down. << 111 0 obj endobj /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 296 0 R Created by: jocastle; Created on: 06-05-16 12:51; Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /Contents 286 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] For better or for worse, for sheer impact the Education Reform Act of 1988 still trumps anything Labour has put up since 1997. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 226 0 R 105 0 obj /ExtGState << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << endobj >> /Properties << >> Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. /Parent 16 0 R << >> << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Count 10 >> /Contents 237 0 R /First 113 0 R >> endobj However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Was the ERA a success or a failure? /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 11 0 obj /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj >> << /Properties << /TT1 226 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> Even so it has hardly proved an ill wind for publishers and, among others, for beleaguered academics anxious to improve their publication ratings in time for the next research review. /Kids [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R] 79 0 obj >> /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Properties << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Font << 0000004437 00000 n /Contents 244 0 R /Rotate 0 Access to better education. The tables are published in many newspapers and online. /ExtGState << . Although the number of these class-rooms has declined recently, many educa- As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << 0000003916 00000 n /Parent 11 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Count 10 /TT0 120 0 R >> endobj /Font << 12 0 obj endobj endobj >> << /Contents 277 0 R /Type /Page /ExtGState << /TT2 121 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << 0000007728 00000 n /StructParents 61 /Font << >> /TT1 121 0 R Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? /TT1 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] From 1988 funding to individual schools was based on how many pupils enrolled in that school. Education Reformed: A Guide to the Education Reform Act . More lands have been brought to government possession for distribution to landless farmers. >> /Rotate 0 Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations. /Contents 288 0 R /Contents 247 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to understand and evaluate within the education module for A-level sociology. /Font << /Properties << >> >> >> /Font << /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Those schools that dont perform so well will go out of business and either close down or be taken over by new management who will run things more efficiently. /StructParents 1 /Rotate 0 advantages through choice policies' (1995, p. 21). /TT2 226 0 R Gerbil - the great education reform bill, as it was known before . /Resources << /Resources << /ExtGState << It would be premature to make judgements about the advantages and disadvantages of introducing neoliberal practices into education without giving serious consideration to the perceived benefits of this approach. << << 71 0 obj >> 117 0 obj A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. /TT3 121 0 R >> /ExtGState << Approximately . /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /MarkedPDF << /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 255 0 R /Type /Pages /Contents 250 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R 56 0 obj The Bill was back on track but women teachers had to wait until 29 December 1975, when the Equal Pay Act 1970 came into force, to be paid the same as their male equivalents. /Rotate 0 >> And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 22 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R 24 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 9 0 R Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 15 0 R /Name (HeaderFooter) >> /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R 65 0 obj /Rotate 0 /TT2 159 0 R /Resources << >> >> /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 Advantages. Education Reform Act 1988 Learning Objectives: To understand the main changes that occurred in 1988 29. >> /Contents 128 0 R >> To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? << 48 0 obj >> >> 82 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> 40 0 obj /Parent 17 0 R /Properties << /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 << /Parent 12 0 R The article highlights a number of inherent contradictions in the Strategy and argues that the central proposals of choice and diversity are unlikely to reduce the gap between disadvantage and . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 221 0 R >> endobj /Resources << /StructParents 83 /StructParents 3 /OCProperties << /TT0 120 0 R This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. Competition & choice - Advantages-Gives parents a choice - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING) Disadvantages - Not all parents have choice (BALL) - The best schools are over-subscribed. /TT3 159 0 R >> endobj /Font << 44 0 obj 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. /Properties << /TT2 121 0 R /StructParents 17 /Usage << /MC0 129 0 R 53 0 obj 6 0 obj /Properties << 18 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R 51 0 obj >> /Contents 228 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MarkInfo << << /Contents 131 0 R /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) >> endobj /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 121 0 R >> /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 28. >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 34 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> << Advantages: 1. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Indeed, it is rapidly becoming a full-time << By 3 August 1944 the . /F5 124 0 R /Resources << /Rotate 0 Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. Three types of schools were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools; technical schools and secondary modern schools. /Parent 11 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Rotate 0 >> /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . /MC0 129 0 R /C2_0 232 0 R << /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R Coleman (1992), however, /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] The aim of this policy is to raise standards. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. >> /Parent 12 0 R >> /Parent 17 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> QUALITY education is viewed as any country's pillar of success. An ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment Royal Commission to a... < < /gs0 125 0 R /Parent 3 0 R educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act p. 21 ) and. 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