It is with this understanding that some business leaders paternalistically argued in favor of a moral obligation to help the less fortunate. B) Arkansas. The concept of democratic equality also took hold in new state governments, where policy-makers began reducing property requirements for voting. This is not to say that the North was free of the slavery issue; Northern factories relied on Southern materials produced by the work of enslaved individuals. Whereas Period 1 focused mostly on the interactions between Europeans and Native Americans, Period 2 focuses primarily on social structures relating to African slaves in the American colonies. The Southeastern region of North America was an agriculturally productive region for many Native American groups living in the area. Giving their name to the "Progressive Era," such reformers were often prompted to act by fear that mass, radical protests by workers and farmers would spread, as well as by their desire to enhance social welfare and social justice. For example, in his book, Apart from the obvious flaw in this logic - that poor laborers working ten to fifteen hours every day dont have time to visit the library - critics of Carnegie and other Social Darwinists saw the purpose of wealth differently. They wanted more autonomy and control over their own regions and by the early 1820s, most countries were independent With this in mind, Congress passed the. Social Structure/Family Life A. E) protect them from the Ku Klux Klan. E) made women as well as blacks U.S. citizens. In the 1866 congressional elections, Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Corrections? The act divided tribal lands into individual allotments, which were then distributed to individual Native American households. During Reconstruction, African American women assumed new political roles which included all of the following except D) severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders. That same year, President Johnson announced an increase to the number of troops deploying in the Vietnam War - an engagement that disproportionately drafted non-white American men. United States reformer who led moral crusades against art and literature that he considered persuaded. This shift gave more political power to common white men and changed the makeup of state legislatures, which in turn selected Senators to the United States Congress. B) guaranteed former slaves the right to vote. All violence is a potentially disruptive force; at the same time, it is a means of coercion and coordination of activities. In 1822, freedman, Covert forms of resistance in the form of sabotage and field hollers continued, as did self-emancipation. E) Johnson's underlying loyalty to the Democratic Party. D) organizing mass meetings. Chief Black Kettle tried to stop the attack by raising an American flag and a white flag, but the soldiers ignored them and killed and scalped nearly all of the tribe members, including women and children. P equals Political, E equals Economic, R equals Religion, S equals Social, I equals Intellectual, and A equals Arts. A) hostility to the growing practice of interracial sex. Students cultivate their understanding of U.S. history from c. 1491 CE to the present through analyzing historical The men also spearheaded the American Anti-Slavery Society, which worked tirelessly to petition complacent Northerners and government officials for immediate change. Compose the sentence using the verb and the type of phrase indicated in the parentheses. The document-based question focuses on topics from 1754 to 1980. A primary motive for the formation of the Ku Klux Klan was Continued resistance by state and local officials slowed efforts at desegregation and led to increasing disunity among civil rights activists after 1965. B) recognized the independent republic of Hawaii. Exposed acts of covert and overt resistance led to punishments including reduced food rations, whippings, separation of family, physical mutilation, and imprisonment. Before the Civil War, the land west of the Mississippi River was considered "Indian Country" by the US government, and access to the area was restricted to white people through the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834. To raise awareness for their cause with millions of average Californians, Chavez led a 300-mile march from Delano to Sacramento. In what ways are social structures both impacting and impacted by American political policies, economic systems, and social traditions? In the following sentences, circle each incorrectly used lowercase letter. Thus, when Betty Friedan published, Beginning in December 1971, Gloria Steinem gave a powerful public voice to the feminist movement with, Women of the 1970s also had greater access to education than their mothers and grandmothers. The fate of the defeated Confederate leaders was that, At the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners, Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War, For blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except, The "Exodusters" westward mass migration to Kansas finally faltered when, The greatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau were in, The white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as, In President Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's Bureau was. (Use flit in a participial phrase.) By 1974, petitions from organizations such as these led the American Psychiatric Association to declassify homosexuality as a form of mental illness. Learn about patterns of continuity and change as well as the political, economic, and social structure of feudal Europe. The government also actively sought to break up tribal sovereignty and violated its own treaties with native tribes. A complex, hierarchical party organization such as New York's Tammany Hall, whose candidates remained in office on the strength of their political organization and their personal relationship with voters, especially working-class immigrants who had little alternative access to political power. Underline the gerund or gerund B) land for former slaves. Students assess these written, quantitative, or visual materials as historical evidence. B) concern about the person who would become President. To an extent, this trend toward domesticity overlapped with the early Cold War trend of conformity. The video Casta paintings: constructing identity in Spanish colonial America is only five and a half minutes long. View free-response questions and scoring information from past exams. WebStudents are presented with 7 documents offering various perspectives on a historical development or process. Specific social activities take place at specific times, and time is divided into periods that are connected with the rhythms of social lifethe routines of the day, the month, and the year. One notable achievement of these movements was the Supreme Court case of Munn v. Illinois, which established that states had the power to regulate commerce within their own borders. A) citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves. Other critics also pointed out flaws in Americas society and economy in the Gilded Age. Academic Vocabulary: purchase, interact, trend, generate. Life in the West was difficult for many settlers, as they faced harsh conditions and the possibility of failure. C) the much-feared inflation never materialized. B) the emancipation of slaves had surprisingly little economic consequence. The one thing you need to know about this theme: Social categories and practices are created, challenged, questioned, and maintained over time by a variety of factors. "No broad, fertile hinterland beckoned people inland. More specifically, the focus of this period is on the ways that enslaved individuals sought to resist the dehumanization of slavery and maintain their cultural priorities. On a North American continent controlled by American Indians, contact among the peoples of Europe, the Americas, and West Africa created a new world. Many of the people involved in one movement also support other movements. Social Studies. Most of this centers around the modern Civil Rights Movement, which includes (but is not limited to): African Americans, Chicano/a Americans, American Indians, Women, and the LGBTQ+ community. tumult tumultuous tumultuously. A) opposition to abusing the Constitutional system of checks and balances. E) education to former slaves. In addition to her work as a black feminist, Sojourner Truth took on an active role in the growing American antislavery movement. With the closure of the frontier, the focus of American society shifted towards urbanization, industrialization, and the development of new technologies and industries. After all, the meaning of who constituted an American was likewise uncertain. The larger the social entity considered, the more abstract the concept tends to be. As slavery continued to expand into the Deep South and West, the abolitionist movement shifted to adjust to new sectional attitudes toward the peculiar institution. With the invention of the cotton gin in 1793, short-staple cotton spread across the South and West as the primary cash crop of the region. In 1491, both North and South America were inhabited by flourishing and highly complex civilizations. A) the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress. That litter of puppies (have, has) all different colored coatsbrown, black, and white. In the Market Revolution, innovations like steam engines, interchangeable parts, the cotton gin, the mechanical reaper, and the steel plow made it possible for both manufacturers and agriculturalists to produce in higher quantities with less effort. D) Southern states should quickly be readmitted into the Union. C) an inspiring and calmly eloquent speaker. C) Louisiana. E) Union League. Meanwhile, the telephone and Transcontinental Railroad made the efficiency of. A) highly partisan "swing around the circle" in 1866. In 1972, members of the movement organized a march on Washington D.C. in the form of what they called the, Finally, in 1973, AIM members occupied the Native American community of. Human beings have formed political units, such as nations, within which the use of violence is strictly regulated and which, at the same time, are organized for the use of violence against outside groups. In response to these arguments, Southern politicians and members of the plantation aristocracy defended slavery as a social good and political right of the states. The root cause of the battle between Congress and President Andrew Johnson was In the years following the Civil War, the United States worked to rebuild its infrastructure, government, economy, and social structure. The right to acquire a certain amount of land granted to the person who finances the passage of a laborer. Reporter for the New York Sun who wrote How the Other Half Lives. WebThe meaning of SOCIAL STRUCTURE is the internal institutionalized relationships built up by persons living within a group (such as a family or community) especially with regard to This realization marked the end of an era in American history, as the Western frontier had been a defining aspect of American identity and had played a significant role in shaping the nation's culture and economy. In 1965, the SNCC and SCLC organized a march from Selma to Montgomery to protest a lack of enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Of these events, the College Board has decided that World War II had the most significant impact on shaping government policy, economic systems, and American culture. Disparities like these led to a movement within the African American community during the war called the. A high-density, cheap, five- or six-story housing unit designed for working-class urban populations. B) blacks should be the foundation of the southern Republican Party. Members of the United Farm Workers also stood in grocery store parking lots with flyers, asking consumers to consider another brand of grapes during their shopping experience. Please select which sections you would like to print: Professor of Sociology, University of Amsterdam and State University of Utrecht. Period 3 focuses on the revolutionary mindset that began with the French and Indian War and carried on through the Election of 1800. Both immigrants and American citizens were drawn to the West in search of new opportunities and a chance to start a new life. Units of production (units produced in 2021, 30,000; units produced in 2022, 25,000). This role of, Mobilization occurred quickly and, for the most part, efficiently, under the War Production Board. E) freed slaves must be granted the right to vote. C) Fourteenth 1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons, U.S. wanted Hawaii for business and so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the U.S. duty free, Queen Liliuokalani opposed so Sanford B. Dole overthrew her in 1893, William McKinley convinced Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898, A 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal. Specific social activities are also organized at specific places; particular places, for instance, are designated for such activities as working, worshiping, eating, and sleeping. D) gain admittance to the Union Army. The formation of monopolistic trusts in the East, such as the Standard Oil Company and the American Sugar Refining Company, led to high prices for manufactured goods and further economic struggles for farmers in the West. ", An armed force of citizens called out only in emergencies. Here are a few examples every student should know for the exam: Period 7 covers just over half a century but includes significant events in United States history, including the Spanish American War, World War I, the Roaring 20s, the Great Depression and the New Deal, and World War II. One of the most notable movements was the Ghost Dance movement, which emerged in the late 1800s among several tribes. They helped reveal the dirt about trusts, corruption, and other evils. In the face of disillusionment and uncertainty, new leaders took on important roles in the civil rights movement. A woman who worked at the Hull House; successfully lobbied in 1893 for an Illinois antisweatshop law that protected women workers and prohibited child labor; lifelong battler for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers; later moved to the Henry Street Settlement in New York and served for three decades as general secretary of the National Consumers League. A term for an attack on African Americans by white mobs, triggered by political conflicts, street altercations, or rumors of crime. " they performed the sweaty toil of clearing swamps, grubbing out for trees, and other menial tasks. In the 1829 publication, Two leading abolitionist publications emerged within this period as well -, Social organizations also gained momentum for the abolitionist cause. Weblecture notes hahaha age of absolutism 31 social struc ture nobility france of market peasantry in food lasts paid week most of france pray those who fight A) War Democrats. In the study of these phenomena, sociologists analyze organizations, social categories (such as age groups), or rates (such as of crime or birth). A pianist and one of the most important developers of ragtime music. E) Johnson's promise to stop obstructing Republican policies. Students are presented with 7 documents offering various perspectives on a historical development or process. You will be given two hours to complete three free-response essays. D) did not define what constituted equal national citizenship. The College Board does not include specific references in the AP US History curriculum to Social Structures within this time period. social structure, in sociology, the distinctive, stable arrangement of institutions whereby human beings in a society interact and live together. In 1894, during one of the most devastating economic depressions in United States history, Jacob Coxey led a march of unemployed workers to Washington D.C. to demand public works jobs. 1906 Made it so that meat would be inspected by the government from coral to can. Social Structure/Hierarchy/Stratification, the organization of society members where status, power, and money creates divisions and regulates behaviors, the values, beliefs and perceptions of the world that are learned and are shared by members of a community or society, and which they use to interpret experience and to generate behavior and that reflected in their own behavior, the idea that each culture's features should be understood in terms of what culture's history, environment, values, and views of its people, and that it is ethnocentric or biased, as well as uninformed, to judge another culture by the standards of one's own culture, the study of how people use space and interact with their environment, the spread of linguistic or cultural practices or innovations (including ideas and beliefs) within a culture or from one culture to another, the process by which a person or a group's culture is lost or changed and resembles those of another group, intolerance and prejudice; obstinate and unreasoning attachment to one's own belief and opinions, with narrow-minded intolerance of beliefs opposed to them, looking at the world from the perspective of one's own culture; the attitude or belief that the ways of one's own culture are the best or only proper ones. Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that "The captive black population of the Chesapeake area soon began to grow not only through new imports bur also through its own fertility.", Fit for servants; humble or low. It is comprised of three free-response essays and 55 multiple-choice questions. These two systems of inequality - the plantation aristocracy of the South and business elite of the North - worked together in one socio-economic order. In 1867 Secretary of State Seward achieved the Johnson administration's greatest success in foreign relations when he This theme focuses on how and why systems of social organization develop and change as well as the impact that these systems have on the broader society. A critical term, first applied by Theodore Roosevelt, for investigative journalists who published exposs of political scandals and industrial abuses. In addition to these traditional forms of resistance to the structure of slavery, radical abolitionist actively expressed their opinions and solutions in distributed print. Exam questions assess the course concepts and skills outlined in the course framework. Compare the ways that reform movements responded to industrial capitalism from 1790-1860 and 1890-1920. A) rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union. Social categories and practices are created, challenged, questioned, and maintained over time by a variety of factors. Journalize the December 31 adjusting entry for estimated uncolectible accounts expense for the year. The Ghost Dance was a religious movement that promised to restore Native American lands and bring back the bison, while causing the white settlers to disappear. This policy was implemented through a variety of means, including the establishment of boarding schools for Native American children, such as the Carlisle Indian School, which aimed to break the connection between the children and their culture and traditions. These arent terrible ways to study civil rights, but they arent flawless either. E) congressional Republicans. In 1890, the US Census Bureau officially declared that the American frontier had been closed. E) Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau. B) Ku Klux Klan At the .05 significance level, can we conclude that the guideline is still reasonable? While intending to reveal the plight of the worker, he revealed the unsanitary conditions where meat was created, which prompting Roosevelt to pass the Meat Inspection Act. These politically and socially active women were also often college-educated. Students analyze historical texts, interpretations, and evidence. Navajo- dwellings and region. Many historians point to this 1873 satirical novel by Mark Twain as the origination of Gilded Age as the term used to describe the period from roughly 1865-1898. Content Vocabulary: private enterprise, patent, trademark, copyright, competition, price competition, nonprice competition, monopoly, business risk, profit, supply, demand, domestic business, global business, for-profit business, nonprofit organization, public sector, private sector, industry, derived demand, wholesalers, retailers, production, management, finance, accounting. chief was oldest women in each family. While the Grange Movements and Farmers' Alliances made some progress in addressing the economic challenges faced by small farmers in the West, their successes were limited. E) the Republicans' fear of re-admitting Confederate leaders to Congress. The free-response section accounts to 55% of your score. Farmers in particular struggled with falling prices for agricultural goods and rising railroad rates, which made it difficult for them to make a living. "Jeremiads continued to thunder from the pulpits.", The illegal killing of an accused person by mob action without due process. You may already know that the adjective tumultuous means "wild and noisy." Scoring rubrics general scoring criteria for the document-based and long essay questions, regardless of specific question prompt are available in the course and exam description (CED). Assimilation. C) participating in political rallies. This new Earth would be covered in dust, and the vanished buffalo would return in great herds. Webthe spread of linguistic or cultural practices or innovations (including ideas and beliefs) within a culture or from one culture to another. Full Professor Emeritus, Ohio State University. By 1900, there were only 250,000 Native Americans in the country, a drastic decrease from the 600,000 in 1800 and the 5 million in 1492. A political reform organization that advised cities to elect small councils and hire professional city managers who would direct operations like a corporate executive. C) President Lincoln's desire for a harsh reconstruction plan. The focus of Period 5 involves the events leading to and resulting from the Civil War. At the same time, other abolitionists in the North continued to press for abolition on moral grounds. In the wake of the tragedy, fifty-six state laws were passed dealing with such issues as fire hazards, unsafe machines, and wages and working hours for women and children. His 1899 release of "Maple Leaf Rag" was the beginning of popular ragtime music. In response, antislavery efforts took on varied and complex forms, often tackling economic or moral sides of the abolitionist argument (sometimes both). For congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the Southern states' quick restoration to the Union was that As slave communities sought to fight against their condition, white enslavers used physical and mental tools of intimidation to maintain their superiority. Additionally, in any society there is a more or less regular division of labour. Before these different theoretical views can be discussed, however, some remarks must be made on the general aspects of the social structure of any society. Updates? 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