No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that it encourages those criminally disposed to blacken their faces and commit any crime in the calendar so long as they can throw suspicion on some negro, as is frequently done, and then lead a mob to take his life; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. She began advocating for the Black citizens of Memphis to move to the West, and she urged boycotts of segregated streetcars. 'without . Wells in March 1892 when three young African American businessmen she knew in Memphis were abducted by a mob and murdered. The lynching record for a quarter of a century merits the thoughtful study of the American people. A Speech at the Unveiling of the Robert Gould Shaw "Of Booker T. Washington and Others," from The Sou "The Author and Signers of the Declaration", State of the Union Address Part II (1912), State of the Union Address Part III (1912), Chapter 19: The Progressive Era: Eugenics. Southern horrors : lynch law in all its phases Names Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931 (Author) Dates / Origin Date Issued: 1892 Place: New York Publisher: New York Age Print Library locations Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division Shelf locator: Sc Rare 364.1-B (Barnett, I.B. 5 On December 22, 1886 . [T]hey publish at every possible opportunity this excuse for lynching, hoping thereby not only to palliate their own crime but at the same time to prove the negro a moral monster and unworthy of the respect and sympathy of the civilized world. But this question affects the entire American nation, and from several points of view: First, on the ground of consistency. [2] The world looks on and says it is well. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a prominent journalist, activist, and researcher, in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Wells, a journalist and social critic who had been born a slave in 1862, published "Southern Horrors: The Lynch Law in. . In 1892 there were 241 persons lynched. no matter'. That gave an impetus to the hunt, and the Atlanta Constitutions reward of $500 keyed the mob to the necessary burning and roasting pitch. Robert J. McNamara is a history expert and former magazine journalist. The Modern City and the Municipal Franchise for Wo Equal Rights Amendment to the Federal Constitutio Better Baby Contest, Indiana State Fair, State of the Union Address Part IV (1911). The thief who stole a horse, the bully who jumped a claim, was a common enemy. Wells." This has been done in Texarkana and Paris, Tex., in Bardswell, Ky., and in Newman, Ga. Ida B. Wells's speech, "Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases," delivered in 1892, stands as a counterpoint to two more frequently studied rhetorical events. In Texarkana, the year before, men and boys amused themselves by cutting off strips of flesh and thrusting knives into their helpless victim. It has been to the interest of those who did the lynching to blacken the good name of the helpless and defenseless victims of their hate. Life in Industrial America. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931. Wells died on March 25, 1931. The photo is from about 1893. This collection of children's literature is a part of the Educational Technology Clearinghouse and is funded by various grants. Two months earlier, her friend . The Chicago Tribune, which publishes annually lynching statistics, is authority for the following: In 1892, when lynching reached high-water mark, there were 241 persons lynched. And yet, in our own land and under our own flag, the writer can give day and detail of one thousand men, women, and children who during the last six years were put to death without trial before any tribunal on earth. Her most famous pieces propelled Wells to the leadership of the anti-lynching crusade at the turn of the twentieth century. Paid China for outrages on Pacific Coast.. 276,619.75 Another source of statistics and information on lynching is the report of the Equal Justice Institute. This occurred in November, 1892, at Jonesville, La. Third, for the honor of Anglo-Saxon civilization. . Wells, I. Our watchword has been the land of the free and the home of the brave. Brave men do not gather by thousands to torture and murder a single individual, so gagged and bound he cannot make even feeble resistance or defense. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that it encourages those criminally disposed to blacken their faces and commit any crime in the calendar so long as they can throw suspicion on some negro, as is frequently done, and then lead a mob to take his life; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. In many cases there has been open expression that the fate meted out to the victim was only what he deserved. WELLS New York City, Oct. 26, 1892 To the Afro-American women of New York and Brooklyn, whose race love, earnest zeal and unselfish effort at Lyric Hall, in the City of New York, on the night of October 5, 1892made possible its publication, this pamphlet is gratefully dedicated by the author. Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. America during the first six months of this year (1893). Wells' uses many strategies and techniques to make her arguments as convincing as possible throughout her works. He made the charge, impaneled the jurors, and directed the execution. . Wells continued her journalism, and often published articles on the subject of lynching and civil rights for African Americans. It presents three salient facts: First: Lynching is color line murder. In many other instances there has been a silence that says more forcibly than words can proclaim it that it is right and proper that a human being should be seized by a mob and burned to death upon the unsworn and the uncorroborated charge of his accuser. 4) Double standard of criminal law. American The entire number is divided among the following states. When the court adjourned, the prisoner was dead. . A Texas newspaper called her an "adventuress," and the governor of Georgia even claimed that she was a stooge for international businessmen trying to get people to boycott the South and do business in the American West. An address she gave in Brooklyn, New York, on December 10, 1894, was covered in the New York Times. This pamphlet was authored by Ida B. Wells-Barnett and widely circulated in the North. The Bible at the Center of the Modern University. . The text of Ida B. Wells' "Lynch Law in All its Phases" an address given at Tremont Temple in the Boston Monday Lectureship on February . Our country's national crime is lynching. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. On Feb. 13, 1893, Wells delivered a scathing rebuke of lynching in front of a mostly white and angry audience at Boston's Tremont Temple. 2 Wells-Barnett sought a federal anti-lynching law that would In "Lynch Law in All Its Phases," Wells details the events surrounding Moss's lynching in Memphis. For more information, including classroom activities, readability data, and original sources, please visit https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. It contains the reports of several lynchings and the results of an . Wells traveled through Great Britain in the summer of 1893 to promote the activities of her anti-lynching campaign, white leaders in Memphis, Tennessee, inundated England with dispatches and newspapers that were short on facts and heavy with ad hominem attacks. IDA B. The negro has been too long associated with the white man not to have copied his vices as well as his virtues. Ida B. She had to take care of her siblings, and she moved with them to Memphis, Tennessee, to live with an aunt. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute-books before one Southern State after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. Our nation has been active and outspoken in its endeavors to right the wrongs of the Armenian Christian, the Russian Jew, the Irish Home Ruler, the native women of India, the Siberian exile, and the Cuban patriot. Following the end of the Civil War, her father, who as an enslaved person had been the carpenter on a plantation, was active in Reconstruction period politics in Mississippi. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900," Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches, Lit2Go Edition, (1900), accessed March 01, 2023, https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. Furthermore, Wells makes her argument persuasive by using ethos and logos to appeal to the audience. In 1867, when Black men in Mississippi could vote for the first time, his white employer told him to vote for the Democrats, but again he refused. Wells. A few months ago the conscience of this country was shocked because, after a two-weeks trial, a French judicial tribunal pronounced Captain Dreyfus guilty. 2 M2 Discussion 4: Plessy v. Ferguson Plessy v. Ferguson is among the significant Supreme Court decisions that upheld racial segregation under the separate but equal doctrine. This is the work of the unwritten law about which so much is said, and in whose behest butchery is made a pastime and national savagery condoned. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like "Lynch Law In America" 1900 Speech by Ida B. The only way a man had to secure a stay of execution was to behave himself. Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. Ida B. Wells-Barnett From "Lynch Law in America." Born a slave in Mississippi in 1862 a few months before the Emancipation Proclamation, Wells began writing for Memphis newspapers in her twenties. No scoffer at our boasted American civilization could say anything more harsh of it than does the American white man himself who says he is unable to protect the honor of his women without resort to such brutal, inhuman, and degrading exhibitions as characterize lynching bees. The cannibals of the South Sea Islands roast human beings alive to satisfy hunger. Ida B. Wells (1893).Which of the following arguments did Ida B. It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. Our Core Document Collection allows students to read history in the words of those who made it. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute-books before one Southern State after another raised the cry against "negro domination" and proclaimed there was an "unwritten law" that justied any means to resist it. Ida B. She later was active in promoting justice for African Americans. . But that did not stop journalist Ida B. Wells. Address Accepting Democratic Presidential Nominati State of the Union Address Part II (1901), State of the Union Address Part II (1904), State of the Union Address Part II (1905), State of the Union Address Part II (1906), State of the Union Address Part II (1907), State of the Union Address Part II (1908), State of the Union Address Part II (1911), An Address to Congress on the Mexican Crisis. . Ida B. Skip to main content. The Tariff History of the United States (Part I), The Tariff History of the United States (Part II). The negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. close Export to Citation Manager (RIS) Back to item No police try to stop the mob as a noose is thrown over a tree limb. Far removed from and entirely without protection of the courts of civilized life, these fortune-seekers made laws to meet their varying emergencies. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. There has also been a movement to honor Wells with a statue in the Chicago neighborhood where she lived. She continued her work there on behalf of African Americans. Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. In many instances the leading citizens aid and abet by their presence when they do not participate, and the leading journals inflame the public mind to the lynching point with scare-head articles and offers of rewards. The photograph was taken in Indianapolis, where his wife and children had relocated after the murder. Quite a number of the one-third alleged cases of assault that have been personally investigated by the writer have shown that there was no foundation in fact for the charges; yet the claim is not made that there were no real culprits among them. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. Seventh Annual Message to Congress (1907). Naturally, they felt slight toleration for traitors in their own ranks. The result is that many men have been put to death whose innocence was afterward established; and to-day, under this reign of the unwritten law, no colored man, no matter what his reputation, is safe from lynching if a white woman, no matter what her standing or motive, cares to charge him with insult or assault. Ida B. Lynch law in Georgia: a six-weeks' record in the center of southern civilization, as faithfully chronicled by the "Atlanta journal" and the "Atlanta constitution": also the full report of Louis P. Le Vin, the Chicago detective sent to investigate the burning of Samuel Hose, the torture and hanging of Elijah However, as a forty-year-old African American in 1900, denied an . During the last ten years a new statute has been added to the unwritten law. This statute proclaims that for certain crimes or alleged crimes no negro shall be allowed a trial; that no white woman shall be compelled to charge an assault under oath or to submit any such charge to the investigation of a court of law. Ida B. Wells began her essay, "Lynch Laws in America," with the observation: "Our country's national crime is lynching" (Wells 1). Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1918) Charlotte Perkins Gilman, "Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper" (1913) Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890) Rose Cohen on the World Beyond her Immigrant Neighborhood (ca.1897/1918) 19. She was, of course, attacked for that at home. She went on to found and become integral in groups. This is the work of the unwritten law about which so much is said, and in whose behest butchery is made a pastime and national savagery condoned. Here's part of her speech, including the opening: "I am before the American people to day through no inclination of my own, but because of a deep seated conviction that the country at large does not . Wells, "Lynch Law in America", January 1900 2 Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. Lynch Law in America Civil Rights Movement Domestic Policy Gender Gender and Equality Personal Race and Equality Social Reform by Ida B. Wells-Barnett January, 1900 Cite Free Study Questions No study questions Introduction Source: The Arena 23 (January 1900): 15-24. The sentiment of the country has been appealed to, in describing the isolated condition of white families in thickly populated negro districts; and the charge is made that these homes are in as great danger as if they were surrounded by wild beasts. Web. The Anti-Lynching Bureau of the National Afro-American Council is arranging to have every lynching investigated and publish the facts to the world, as has been done in the case of Sam Hose, who was burned alive last April at Newman, Ga. For this reason they publish at every possible opportunity this excuse for lynching, hoping thereby not only to palliate their own crime but at the same time to prove the negro a moral monster and unworthy of the respect and sympathy of the civilized world. No emergency called for lynch law. . It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. How does Wells explain the occurrence of lynching? Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, born enslaved in Mississippi, was a pioneering activist and journalist. The result is that many men have been put to death whose innocence was afterward established; and to-day, under this reign of the unwritten law, no colored man, no matter what his reputation, is safe from lynching if a white woman, no matter what her standing or motive, cares to charge him with insult or assault. His fourteen-year-old daughter and sixteen-year-old son were hanged and their bodies filled with bullets ; then the father was also lynched. For months, Wells traveled throughout the South investigating lynchings. Born into slavery during the Civil War, Ida B. Wells was encouraged to pursue her education, and she eventually became a teacher herself. McNamara, Robert. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Co., 1892. warning Note: These citations are software generated and may contain errors. 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Phelan, Why the Chinese Should Be Excluded (1901), William James on The Philippine Question (1903), Chinese Immigrants Confront Anti-Chinese Prejudice (1885, 1903), African Americans Debate Enlistment (1898), Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. The world looks on and says it is well. The Negros Place in World Reorganization, The Subjective Necessity of Social Settlements, Some Reasons Why We Oppose Votes for Women, National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage. There is, however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. The charges for which they were lynched cover a wide range. Readability: Flesch-Kincaid Level: 9.3 Word Count: 3,447 Genre: Speech Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900 by Ida B. Available in hard copy and for download. . Ida B. And in May 1892 the office of her newspaper, the Free Speech, was attacked by a white mob and burned. The Unsung Heroes of the Civil Rights Movement, Documents in Detail: "Against American Imperialism", Check out our collection of primary source readers. . Again the aid of the unwritten law is invoked, and again it comes to the rescue. Paid Italy for lynchings at Walsenburg, Col 10,000.00 In 1892, Wells had left Memphis to attend a conference in . . The implication of her speech's titlethat lynching had become America's lawwould surely have caused her audience to pause, and the entirety of her speech provided the facts necessary for them to reflect upon. Seventh Annual Message to Congress (1907). But men, women, and children were the victims of murder by individuals and murder by mobs, just as they had been when killed at the demands of the unwritten law to prevent negro domination. Negroes were killed for disputing over terms of contracts with their employers. McNamara, Robert. She began to write about her experiences, and became affiliated with The Living Way, a newspaper published by African Americans. Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. . 5Maryland.. 1 Wyoming. 9Mississippi.. 16 Arizona Ter 3Missouri.. 6 Oklahoma 2 Andrew Carnegie on "The Triumph of America" (1885) Henry Grady on the New South (1886) Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1918) Charlotte Perkins Gilman, "Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper" (1913) Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890)