The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined refugee (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), escapee (someone fleeing communism), and expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). limiting further U.S. casualties D) the beginning of World War II. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia. D. the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor. A. collect money for the war effort through the sale of war bonds. C) Germany's attention was diverted from the war in the Pacific. C. stable government it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive. C) destroy the nation of Japan. C. He created the American Red Cross to assist soldiers and their families. Which area on the map received the MOST aid from the U.S. prior to 1942? On August 9, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill first met aboard the cruiser USS Augusta. C. Native Americans recruited from nearby reservations in New Mexico. D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." One day after the attack, Congress officially declared war on Japan and entered World War 2 on the side of the Allied powers. Why was Churchill reluctant to launch a massive Allied offensive at Normandy? ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." The only editing redacted interviewee names from several recordings and removed Leadbelly's two songs for which permissions have not yet been received. classified them as enemy combatants. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." Origins. Germany and Japan were to pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly occupied. The Second World War pitted two alliances against each other, the Axis powers and the Allied powers; the Soviet Union served 34 million men and women, Germany 18 million, the U.S 16 million, Japan 9 million, and Great Britain 6 million. ", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. This request resulted in approximately four and one half hours of recordings that were used to create a fifteen-minute radio program for the Mutual Broadcasting System. Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. C. the British Royal Air Force C. After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. Presumably, the agreement to safeguard the identity of these persons was intentional, as some of the interviewees worked for the Federal government and/or otherwise required anonymity in order to participate. c.) c.) The war ended with the Axis powers' unconditional surrender in 1945. On December 8, 1941 (the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Alan Lomax, then "assistant in charge" of the Archive of American Folk Song (now the American Folklife Center archive), sent a telegram to fieldworkers in ten different localities across the United States, asking them to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions of ordinary Americans to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States. In 1921 and 1924, the US Congress passed immigration laws that severely limited the number and national origin of new immigrants. A. B) World War I and World War II Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a, Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the, The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced. dividing power in Germany amongst the Allied Powers What events is the preamble referring to in this excerpt? B) the Great Depression destroyed U.S. foreign trade. Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress. Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. B. Interventionists finally agreed with the isolationist position. b.) B. the enforced rationing of consumer goods. Insisting that a penny saved is a penny earned, Benjamin Franklin was well known for his___ ways. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918.Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to the United Kingdom, France, and the other powers of the Allies of World War I. drastically cut back its defense industries. Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the Great Depression. Students incorporate new evidence from the history of the Weimar era into the position they are developing. What were the reasons behind the U.S. assault on the island of Guadalcanal? As a result, the quota for the British Isles rose from 34,007 to 65,721, while the quota for Germany fell significantly, from 51,227 to 25,957. C. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor presents approximately twelve hours of opinions recorded in the days and months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from more than two hundred individuals in cities and towns across the United States. The United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on _____. A. . Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. B. a victory by Filipino soldiers over the Japanese. By 1968, strident debate among American about the Vietnam War signified that the Cold War consensus had shattered, perhaps beyond repair. The initial purpose of the Nazi concentration camps was supposedly to Even the 300,000 combat deaths suffered by Americans paled in comparison to any other major belligerent. D. through the enlistment of volunteers to work government jobs. In an attempt to prevent American interference in the Pacific war, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, the US naval station in Hawaii, in a surprise attack on December 7, 1941. After the war, the United States and the international community used a series of directives, organizations, and laws to help displaced European refugees, including Holocaust survivors, immigrate to new countries. Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication Which was effectively an economic declaration of war against Germany and the Axis Powers? C. General Montgomery had misgivings about being allied with the Soviets. Alan Lomax was serving as folklore consultant for the project when he sent the December 8, 1941 telegram, asking fieldworkers to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions. How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? December 8, 1941 - Congress Declares War on Japan. "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." B. the Tripartite Pact Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. I believe the admission of these persons will add to the strength and energy of the nation. Still, Congress delayed action. The executive branch of the U.S. government was given unprecedented authority with c.) To free Australia from Japanese occupation Through the end of World War II the United States would use it to provide a total of some $50 billion in aid (equal to $690 billion in 2020 dollars) to more than 30 nations around the globe, from . The main idea behind the United Nations was to Which argument sums up the difference between isolationists and interventionists regarding aid to the Allies? c.) C. They were historically significant. He died of a brain hemorrhage on April 12,1945. D. Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, Americans were seriously divided over what the role of the United States in the war should be, or if it should even have a role at all. The Pearl Harbor attack The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor began just before 8 a.m. local time Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. retroactively revoked their citizenship. protecting U.S. economic interests in China D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. With President Trumans encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. D. He thought that the United States would try to establish a permanent military presence in Western Europe. Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? . What is gangsterism? D. "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car." A. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. The image and reality of overall economic prosperity--and the upward mobility it provided for many white Americans--was not lost on those who had largely been excluded from the full meaning of the American Dream, both before and after the war. The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation expired in 1956. B. Japan had also developed the atomic bomb This enabled Roosevelt to establish what became known as the . "Because taxes on income were lowered for the middle class, the wealthy, like my family, bore the brunt of funding the war effort. C. opposition to policies requiring racial segregation of factory workers. Not all Americans participated equally in these expanding life opportunities and in the growing economic prosperity. his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. c.) . a.) After the united states entered world war ii. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract. A. WACs worked in factories that produced weapons for the war effort. A) the end of the Great Depression. issued Executive Order 8802. To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. banned resident aliens from owning property. Adolf Hitler declares war against the United States. ", d.) ", c.) C. legal Through the government's bracero program, Before World War II and the Holocaust, American law made very little distinction between refugees forced to flee their countries due to persecution, and immigrants seeking a better life. D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, for the United States Army. A. a pact signed by Great Britain and the United States that endorsed certain principles for building a lasting peace and establishing free governments in the world In 1951, the United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations. But now this isnt so bad anymore. A portion of this project aimed to create documentary recordings of Americans from around the country who described their lives, sang their songs, and told the stories of their own regions. There were several well-publicized cases of Japanese American spies being caught operating in the United States. The War Manpower Commission, a Federal Agency established to increase the manufacture of war materials, had the . "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. D) victory over the Axis Powers abroad and discrimination at home. D. . World War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. Allied forces strategy during World War II. All of Germany's European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust. 1942: Feb. 19. b.) the Central Intelligence Agency. What was the Double Victory? China. Why were Japanese Americans interned during World War II? The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. . As a consequence, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American women became more aggressive in trying to win their full freedoms and civil rights as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution during the postwar era. Although refugees gained legal status under postwar international law, the scope of these laws were narrow and limited at first, before expanding to their current form. B) the establishment of the U.N. Security Council. A. defectors from the Soviet Union. C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. After World War II, thousands of Nazis became informants in the Cold War against the Soviet Union and then got entry into the U.S. Eric Lichtblau's new book, The Nazi Next Door, tells the story. With President Truman's encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. his successful campaigns in North Africa and Sicily. The United States had the world's largest military force. C. One important effect of the D-Day invasion was that This online presentation includes one essay: "Making and Maintaining the Original Recordings." Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (known as the Hart-Celler Act), which eliminated the national origins quotas that for 40 years had seriously limited the ability of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, to obtain US immigration visas. On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. These recordings total approximately seven and one half hours and were also used to create a radio program, entitled "Dear Mr. President," which was broadcast in May 1942. Japan had committed too many of its resources to defending Hong Kong. a.) The American forces liberated Paris and much of occupied France. "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific . Flushed with their success against Germany and Japan in 1945, most Americans initially viewed their place in the postwar world with optimism and confidence. The Second World War began in 1939 and lasted through to 1945. Ships that arrived at 11 p.m. on August 31, for instance, could be fined for bringing passengers from countries where the quota had already been filled; one hour later, on September 1, the passengers could enter under newly opened quota slots. Which policy best demonstrates appeasement during the 1930s? published this 12-page pamphlet after the U.S. had entered World War II. The United States declared war on the German Empire on April 6, 1917, nearly three years after World War I started. C) the creation of the International Monetary Fund. B. through the sale of coupon books for consumer goods Polling also showed that more Americans supported immigration limits on Jewish DPs than on Germans who had left their homes fleeing Soviet occupation. And what we all have learned is this: There is no such thing as security for any Nationor any individualin a world ruled by the principles of gangsterism. What is the World War II? B. the economy failed to improve. B. How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? The Johnson-Reed Act also mandated that potential immigrants present their paperwork and receive US immigration visas at consulates abroad, prior to leaving for the United States. On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, inflicting heavy casualties and severe damage to the United States naval forces anchored there. After the United States entered World War II, the military's needs quickly brought on a nursing shortage. B) victory over the Axis Powers and the Soviet Union After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor. Three years after the end of the war, there were still a substantial number of displaced persons in Europe. Had this amendment been enacted, American response to the refugee crisis in the 1930s may have been quite different. a.) The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. A. through the sale of government issued war bonds Experts believe that if Japan didn't attack Pearl Harbor, then America probably would not have been involved in World War II. Why were Jewish refugees on the ocean liner St. Louis turned away while trying to enter the United States in 1939? d.) Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. To divide the German army "The U.S. manufacturing sector produced less than the Axis powers did." A. He believed a joint offensive with the Soviets through Eastern Europe would be far more effective. "President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." D) forced Jews out of their homes and into tightly cramped ghettoes. D. He issued an order to desegregate the military. The origins of the policy may be traced back to the 1938 decision by the US to permit weapons sales to Great Britain and France on a "cash and carry" basis. These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany. A.It stated the United States would only accept an unconditional surrender of Germany. laborers migrated from Mexico to work on farms in the West. World War II started on September 1, 1939, with the German invasion of Poland. Why was Hitler happy that the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor? On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. B. After World War II began in 1939, the State Department cautioned consular officials to exercise particular care in screening applicants: "In view of the international situation, it is essential that all aliens seeking admission into the United States, including both immigrants and nonimmigrants be examined with the greatest care. Visa applicants were required to submit moral affidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. A) the American defense industry declined after the war. Select an argument used in favor of U.S. involvement in World War II. On July 1, 1941, the same day that the new relatives rule went into effect, the State Department centralized all alien visa control in Washington. "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S." Which U.S. government agency was formed as a response to the news that the Soviet Union had detonated a nuclear device? Why was the United States reluctant to launch a land invasion of Japan? answer choices. April 6, 1917 Since 1980, the United States has had a defined procedure for carrying out the countrys agreed-upon duties under the protocol. What did the dictators of totalitarian systems have in common? C) She maintains an optimistic view of humankind. The Axis Powers fought relentlessly against the Allied Powers for dominance around the world. C. the Lend-Lease Act it bought U.S. forces more time to focus on the war in Europe. D. (Later on, they would see them as a potential national security risk.) More colleges and universities were built in the United States. How did the Nazi regime differ most from the Japanese government in the 1930s? C) U.S. entry into World War II. B. C. Why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi reign will end? The preamble mentions "the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind." . World War II was just six years long but surprisingly, it had two presidents ruling the United States during its course. D.France and Britain sent troops to defend Poland. his heroic conduct in Guam and the Philippines. How long did it take for the value of U.S. imports to double after World War II? A. The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. B. separate African American workers were paid the same wages as whites. ", Why did the three major Alliesthe United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Unionwant to launch a "second front" in Europe? Unit 3 Challenge Questions/ The United States, Sophia U.S. History 2 Unit 4 Milestone Study, Sophia.org U.S. History II - UNIT 4 - CHALLEN, Vulnerability Scans, Security and Controls, Sophia.org U.S. History II - FINAL MILESTONE, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the . In the following sentences, underline the gerund. concur\hspace{1cm}_______ing \hspace{1cm}______ed \hspace{1cm}______ent\hspace{1cm}______ence, Identify the following term or individual and explain their significance.