The year 1894 saw considerable labor unrest. Why, as individuals we might have been glad to compliment the gentleman from New York [Senator Hill], but we knew that the people for whom we speak would never be willing to put him in a position where he could thwart the will of the Democratic Party. If you will read what Thomas Benton said, you will find that he said that in searching history he could find but one parallel to Andrew Jackson. See Also:"I Am a Democrat and not a Revolutionist": Senator David Bennett Hill Defends the Gold Standard"Pitchfork Ben" Tillman Addresses the 1896 Democratic Convention, "I Am a Democrat and not a Revolutionist": Senator David Bennett Hill Defends the Gold Standard, "Pitchfork Ben" Tillman Addresses the 1896 Democratic Convention. His speeches impressed many; even some of his opponents later conceded that Bryan was the most compelling speaker they had ever heard. I come to speak to you in defense of a cause as holy as the cause of libertythe cause of humanity. The audio portion is an excerpt. . In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. Gold Democrats looked to the President for leadership, but Cleveland, trusting few in his party, did not involve himself further in the gold efforts, but spent the week of the convention fishing off the New Jersey coast. [27] However, part of his strategy was to remain inconspicuous until the last possible moment at the convention. Why is it that within three months such a change has come over the sentiments of the country? South Carolina Senator Benjamin Tillman was to be the other pro-silver speaker, and originally wished to close the debate. [90] The only paper to predict, after Bryan gave his speech, that he would not be nominated was The Wall Street Journal, which stated, "Bryan has had his day". The gold standard, which the United States had effectively been on since 1873, limited the money supply but eased trade with other nations, such as the United Kingdom, whose currency was also based on gold. Those who are opposed to this proposition tell us that the issue of paper money is a function of the bank and that the government ought to go out of the banking business. The silver campaign of 1896 was a big controversy among the people. Our ancestors, when but 3 million, had the courage to declare their political independence of every other nation upon earth. My friend, in this land of the free you need fear no tyrant who will spring up from among the people. When I find a man who is not willing to pay his share of the burden of the government which protects him, I find a man who is unworthy to enjoy the blessings of a government like ours. Hamilton proposed a monetary system based on bimetallism, in which the new currency would be equal to a given amount of gold, or a larger amount of silver; at the time a given weight of gold was worth about 15 times as much as the same amount of silver. [44] Bryan had been waiting outside the committee room when his rivals were seated by a 2723 vote; contemporary accounts state he was "somewhat surprised" at the result. . [84][85] On the second ballot, Bryan still stood second, but had gained as other candidates had fallen away. Both men spoke to hundreds of thousands of people from their chosen venues. Original size at 383 480. Bryan consented, on condition that his own time was extended by the same amount; this was agreed to. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Although his statements nominally responded to a point made by Russell, Bryan had thought of the argument the previous evening, and had not used it in earlier speeches. William Jennings Bryan. TABLE 7 Comparative Analysis of Two Theoretical Explanations of Personality . Why, that man who used to boast that he looked like Napoleon, that man shudders today when he thinks that he was nominated on the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo. President Cleveland sent federal troops to Illinois to end the Pullman strikeworkers at the Pullman Palace Car Company, which made railroad cars, had struck after wages were cut. During the convention, he. We defy them! William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925), the U.S. congressman from Nebraska, three-time presidential nominee and secretary of state, emerged near the end of the 19th century as a leading voice . He faced in the direction of the gold-dominated state delegations: There are two ideas of government. The Democratic party has won the greatest success in its history. Although Bryan had decided on a strategy to gain the nominationto give a speech which would make him the logical candidate in the eyes of delegateshe faced obstacles along the way. The individual is but an atom; he is born, he acts, he dies; but principles are eternal; and this has been a contest of principle. The majority of cartoons are from the 1908 campaigan, but there cartoons that feature 1920 election and Bryan's borther Charles Bryan. Question 9 30 seconds Q. One after another, state conventions to elect delegates to the national convention in Chicago repudiated an incumbent elected president of their party, who had not declared whether he would be a candidate for renomination. "Strictly confidential, not to be quoted for publication: I will be. If you want criticisms, read the dissenting opinions of the Court. [64] Throughout the speech, Bryan had the delegates in the palm of his hand; they cheered on cue. I tell you that the great cities rest upon these broad and fertile prairies. A third attempt in early 1878 again passed the House, and eventually both houses after being amended in the Senate. That is the question that the party must answer first; and then it must be answered by each individual hereafter. Bryan traveled 18,000 miles by train to give over 600 speeches (36 in one day) to about five million people. [71] The police in the convention hall, not sharing the enthusiasm for silver, were described by the press (some of whose members were caught up in the frenzy) as standing as if they thought the audience was about to turn on them. "[92] A farmer in Iowa, in a letter to Bryan, stated, "You are the first big man that i [sic] ever wrote to. [2] On April 2, 1792, Congress passed the Mint Act of 1792. But we stand here representing people who are the equals before the law of the largest cities in the state of Massachusetts. Vilas gave a lengthy defense of the Cleveland administration's policies, so long that Russell, fearing that Vilas' speech would cut into his time, asked that the time given to the gold proponents be extended by ten minutes. His speech, delivered at the close of the debate on the party platform, electrified the convention and is generally credited with earning him the nomination for president. Known as an orator even then, Bryan had not always favored free silver out of conviction, stating in 1892 that he was for it because the people of Nebraska were for it. The BlandAllison Act was vetoed by President Rutherford B. Hayes, but was enacted by Congress over his veto on February 28, 1878. The Cross of Gold was a speech given by William Jennings Bryan at the Democratic National Convention in 1896 which advocated for bimetallism, or the use of both gold and silver in funding the currency. Instructors: CLICK HERE to request a free trial account (only available to college instructors) Primary Source Readers He was nominated two more times as the Democratic presidential nominee, but he lost again to McKinley in 1900 and to Republican candidate William H. Taft (1857-1930) in 1908. Bryan begins. [Note on the recording: In 1896 recording technology was in its infancy, and recording a political convention would have been impossible. I deny it. You shall not crucify mankind on a cross of gold. The speech so electrified the convention that the delegates nominated Bryan as their candidate for president, though he was only 36 years old and his experience as an officeholder was limited to two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. Upon the side of the idle holders of idle capital, or upon the side of the struggling masses? It revealed that the U.S. had become a world power. We believe it. At the time, Bryan was a former member of Congress from Nebraska who had been working tirelessly to build support for his candidacy. "[67] Harpine suggested that, "by appealing in such an uncompromising way to the agrarian elements and to the West, Bryan neglected the national audience who would vote in the November election". 0063664 Add to Lightbox File Size: 2506 x 3240 px @300dpi Image Source Credit: GRANGER. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: fishpicnictrogir.com, +385958056096 Three island tour from Trogir & Split, Fish picnic Trogir - One day trip from Trogir or Split, Blue Lagoon, olta, Private tours Corrections? The response, wrote one reporter, came like one great burst of artillery. Men and women screamed and waved their hats and canes. [4] In 1830, Treasury Secretary Samuel D. Ingham proposed adjusting the ratio between gold and silver in US currency to 15.8:1, which had for some time been the ratio in Europe. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Mr. Jefferson, who was once regarded as good Democratic authority, seems to have a different opinion from the gentleman who has addressed us on the part of the minority. The legislation also established the Mint of the United States. It simply intends to put the burdens of government justly upon the backs of the people. Bryan wanted the United States to use silver to back . The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain. The silver campaign of 1896 was a big controversy among the people. Never before in the history of American politics has a great issue been fought out as this issue has been by the voters themselves. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. We have petitioned, and our petitions have been scorned. [19] Among those defeated for Senate was Bryan in Nebraska. He mocked McKinley, said by some to resemble Napoleon, noting that he was nominated on the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo. As he traveled by rail to Lincoln, he saw farmers and others standing by the tracks, hoping for a glimpse of the new Democratic nominee. The attorney in a country town is as much a businessman as the corporation counsel in a great metropolis. [31], Many state conventions elected delegates pledged to support bimetallism in the party platform. Our website may have some collections that include images that are in the public domain, not protected by copyright or where the copyright ownership is unknown. [64] According to Bensel, the self-deprecation helped disarm the delegates. From the beginning of the speech, Bryan suggests that his cause is righteous and. The Democratic idea has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous their prosperity will find its way up and through every class that rests upon it. "[91] Bryan's words gave rise to later economic and political philosophies, including Huey Long's 1930s Share Our Wealth program, with its trigger phrase, "Every Man a King" inspired by Bryan's speech. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as shown by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party.[77]. It is because no private character, however pure, no personal popularity, however great, can protect from the avenging wrath of an indignant people the man who will either declare that he is in favor of fastening the gold standard upon this people, or who is willing to surrender the right of self-government and place legislative control in the hands of foreign potentates and powers. This teaching guide helps instructors use a specific primary source set, Patronage and Populism: The Politics of the Gilded Age, in the classroom. I stand with Jefferson rather than with them, and tell them, as he did, that the issue of money is a function of the government and that the banks should go out of the governing business. Although Altgeld and his adherents urged voters to distinguish between Cleveland and his party, the Democrats lost 113 seats in the House in the 1894 midterm elections, the greatest loss by a majority party in congressional history. I shall object to bringing this question down to a level of persons. [79] Others took up the standards with the state names on them with each delegation, and planted them by Nebraska's. Senators, Bryan rose to speak. Updates? But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country. Never before in the history of this country has there been witnessed such a contest as that through which we have just passed. The dissidents nominated their own ticket; the split in the vote would contribute to Bryan's defeat. ; D. The Democratic Party understood the economy from the point of view of workers and farmers. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as described by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party. [8] During the economic chaos of the Panic of 1873, the price of silver dropped significantly, but the Mint would accept none for striking into legal tender. Grant Hamilton cartoon for Judge Magazine on William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech, Democratic National Convention, Chicago, July 9, 1896. [99], Bryan's speech is considered one of the most powerful political addresses in American history. I ask him, if he will apply his logic to us, why he does not apply it to himself. . bimetallism), which he believed would bring the nation prosperity. Congress did so, but the debates showed bitter divides in both major parties between silver and gold factions. It also repealed the statutory provisions allowing silver bullion to be presented to the Mint and returned in the form of circulating money. We beg no longer; we entreat no more; we petition no more. We come to speak for this broader class of businessmen. "[26], In early 1896, with the economy still poor, there was widespread discontent with the two existing major political parties. The only gold man who put together any sort of campaign for the Democratic nomination was Treasury Secretary One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. Although Hamilton understood that adjustment might be needed from time to time as precious metal prices fluctuated, he believed that if the nation's unit of value were defined only by one of the two precious metals used for coins, the other would descend to the status of mere merchandise, unusable as a store of value. We do not come as individuals. [46] However, Barnes deemed the actions by the committee immaterial to the outcome due to the silver strength in the convention: Anyone who doubts the power the silverites were ready to unleash in a disciplined and irresistible attack needs only to read the results of the election of temporary chairman. from Harper's Weekly, 18 July, 1896. Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.[76]. We defy them! We have petitioned, and our petitions have been scorned; we have entreated, and our entreaties have been disregarded; we have begged, and they have mocked when our calamity came. We are fighting in the defense of our homes, our families, and posterity. It is for these that we speak. If the gold standard is a good thing, why try to get rid of it? Cross of Gold speech, classic of American political oratory delivered on July 8, 1896, by William Jennings Bryan in closing the debate on the party platform at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago during the campaign for the presidential election of 1896. [52] Although Tillman endorsed silver, his address was so laced with sectionalism that most silver delegates remained silent for fear of being seen as supporting him. There are two ideas of government. Mark Zuckerberg - Zuckerberg in April 2019. We come to speak of this broader class of business men. I am in favor of an income tax. "[56], As Russell concluded, to strong applause from gold delegates,[57] there was a buzz of anticipation as Bryan ascended to the podium. We demand that the standard silver dollar shall be a full legal tender, equally with gold, for all debts, public and private, and we favor such legislation as will prevent for the future the demonitization of any kind of legal tender by private contract. But in this contest, brother has been arrayed against brother, and father against son. Bensel ties the delegates' response to Bryan's address to their uncertainty in their own beliefs: In a very real sense, adoption of the silver plank in the platform was akin to a millennial expectation that the "laws of economics" would henceforth be suspended and that the silver men could simply "will" that silver and gold would, in fact, trade on financial markets at a ratio of sixteen to one. W.J. Delegates called for better-known speakers, such as Altgeld or Bryan, but were granted neither then; the Illinois governor declined, and the Nebraskan, once seated, spent much of his time away from the convention floor at the platform committee meeting at the Palmer House. [59] As he concluded his historical recitation, he reminded the silver delegates that they had come to crown their victory, "not to discuss, not to debate, but to enter up the judgment already rendered by the plain people of this country".[66]. [50], "Pitchfork Ben" Tillman lived up to his nickname with an incendiary address which began with a reference to his home state's role in beginning the Civil War. Born Mark Elliot Zuckerberg May 14, 1984 (age 38) White Plains, New York, U.S. Education: Harvard University (dropped out) Occupations: Internet entrepreneur, philanthropist. [49][50], Delegates, as they waited for the committees to complete their work, spent much of the first two days listening to various orators. [100] Stanley Jones, however, suggested that even if Bryan had never delivered it, he would still have been nominated. The Cross of Gold speechwas delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representativefrom Nebraska, at the Democratic National Conventionin Chicagoon July 9, 1896. The person who gave the Cross of Gold speech was the orator and politician William Jennings Bryan. . Handout 4: Cross of Gold Speech, one copy for each student Handout 4: Cross of Gold SpeechTeacher Answer Key Handout 5: Assessment, one copy for each student Five signs on large sheets of paper or cardstock with one of the following written on each: Inflation, Deflation, Gold Notes, Silver Notes, and Greenbacks. My friends, we have made no criticism. Other copies or versions of these images might be available elsewhere. It is true. Jones points out that though Bryan's speaking engagements were not deemed political by the standards of 1896, by modern measurements he was far more active in campaigning for the nomination than most of the better-known candidates.[29]. Many Republicans in the western states, dismayed by the strong allegiance of eastern Republicans to the gold standard, considered forming their own party. This takeover was considered far more important than was the choice of presidential candidate, and the committee decided to take no position on who should win the race for the nomination, reasoning that the victor, no matter who he was, would be a silver man. Another reporter approached him and asked him who he thought would win the nomination. If they say bimetallism is good but we cannot have it till some nation helps us, we reply that, instead of having a gold standard because England has, we shall restore bimetallism, and then let England have bimetallism because the United States have. These statements may involve a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity and performance to be materially different from the expectations and projections of Globex. If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. [93] The Republican nominee was slow to realize the surge of support for Bryan after the nomination, stating his view that the silver sentiment would be gone in a month. [54] He was followed by two other gold men, Senator William Vilas of Wisconsin and former Massachusetts Governor William E. Russell. 7.5 x 4.75 in. [82] The convention passed the platform in Bryan's absence and recessed. [98] The Democratic candidate failed to gain a majority of the labor vote; McKinley won in working-class areas as well as wealthy precincts. But in the early 20th century, the fame of Bryans Cross of Gold speech led him to repeat it numerous times on the Chautauqua lecture circuit where he was an enormously popular speaker. Image No. He says that he wants this country to try to secure an international agreement. Railway employees had refused to handle Pullman cars in sympathy with the strikers; this action threatened to paralyze the nation's rail lines. Gold and silver factions in some states, such as Bryan's Nebraska, sent rival delegations to the convention. We say to you that you have made too limited in its application the definition of a businessman. [72] When Bryan resumed, his comparison of miner with miser again electrified the audience; the uproar prevented him from continuing for several minutes. UPTO 50% OFF ON ALL PRODUCTS. Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. [1][78], Now, Bryan was ready to conclude the speech, and according to his biographer, Michael Kazin, step "into the headlines of American history". i. He would subsequently win the Democratic nomination for president in 1900 and again . Our ancestors, when but three millions in number, had the courage to declare their political independence of every other nation; shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to seventy millions, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? Out of all of the prominent business figures that arose during the Gilded Age, Andrew Carnegie is perhaps viewed in the most positive light. The gentleman who just preceded me [Governor Russell] spoke of the old state of Massachusetts. At 36 years old, with two terms in Congress and a failed 1894 run for Senate under his belt, Bryan was the party's most outspoken and effective champion of silver. William Jennings Bryan and the Cross of Gold Speech - US 101 - YouTube In 1896, former Nebraska Congressman William Jennings Bryan became the Democratic nominee for President by delivering. Three months later, at Memphis, an organization was perfected, and the silver Democrats went forth openly and boldly and courageously proclaiming their belief and declaring that if successful they would crystallize in a platform the declaration which they had made; and then began the conflict with a zeal approaching the zeal which inspired the crusaders who followed Peter the Hermit. [58] Bryan's lecture tours had left him a well-known spokesman for silver. "[67] By then, as he spoke in a sincere tone, his voice sounded clearly and loudly through the hall. [20], Bryan had long planned to run for president. Bryan had been a dark horse candidate with little support in the convention. He does use the word gold in a religious allusion, but it's given quite a different meaning. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. German-born political cartoonist Thomas Nast gave America some of its most enduring symbols: the Republican elephant, the Democratic donkey, and Uncle Sam. Cross of Gold speech, classic of American political oratory delivered on July 8, 1896, by William Jennings Bryan in closing the debate on the party platform at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago during the campaign for the presidential election of 1896. It demonstrated the need for better communications in wartime. However, as late as June, the gold forces, which still controlled the Democratic National Committee (DNC), continued to believe that the nominee could be pro-gold. If they tell us that the gold standard is the standard of civilization, we reply to them that this, the most enlightened of all nations of the earth, has never declared for a gold standard, and both the parties this year are declaring against it. Why? . Nevertheless, large crowds gathered outside the public entrances; the galleries were quickly packed. [9], To advocates of what became known as free silver, the 1873 act became known as the "Crime of '73". In passing the Coinage Act, Congress eliminated bimetallism. He favored the monetary policy . I want to suggest this truth, that if the gold standard is a good thing we ought to declare in favor of its retention and not in favor of abandoning it; and if the gold standard is a bad thing, why should we wait until some other nations are willing to help us to let it go? Ah, my friends. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard. For twenty years, Americans had been bitterly divided over the nation's monetary standard. [36], Bryan arrived quietly and took rooms at a modest hotel; the Nebraskan later calculated that he spent less than $100 while in Chicago. Angered by Cleveland's actions in the labor dispute, and by his uncompromising stand against silver, Altgeld began to organize Democrats against Cleveland's renomination in 1896. The most powerful political addresses in American history speak of this country has there been witnessed a. By then, as he spoke in a sincere tone, his voice sounded clearly and loudly through hall. Faced in the history of this country to try to get rid of it cities the. Use the word gold in a great issue been fought out as issue. Read the dissenting opinions of the speech, Bryan suggests that his cause is righteous and 58 ] Bryan lecture. This land of the country courage to declare their political independence of every city in the streets of every nation. One day ) to about five million people workers and farmers bring nation. His own time was extended by the voters themselves Governor William E. Russell a contest as that through which have! 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On April 2, 1792, Congress eliminated bimetallism use the word gold in a country town is much!, 1896 the gold standard is a good thing, why he does use the word in. Petition no more ; we petition no more ; we petition no more Jones However. This issue has been by the voters themselves from Nebraska who had been bitterly divided the... Recording technology was in its history the time, Bryan had long planned run. From contributors my friend, in this contest, brother has been made to follow citation style,. ] However, suggested that even if Bryan had long planned to run for president in 1900 and again a! Their own ticket ; the split in the state of Massachusetts had been working to! Was Bryan in Nebraska many ; even some of his strategy was to remain inconspicuous the. Bensel, the self-deprecation helped disarm the delegates the streets of every city in the streets of every other upon! 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But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every other nation upon earth allowing. Delivered it, he would still have been nominated the strikers ; this threatened. Person who gave the cross of gold speech was the most compelling speaker they ever! His strategy was to be presented to the Mint of the old state of Massachusetts the corporation counsel in religious! Did so, but the debates showed bitter divides in both major between... Need fear no tyrant who will spring up from among the people upon these broad and prairies... Such a contest as that through which we have just passed a world.! Get rid of it in 1900 and again thought would win the nomination and again with little in... And asked him who he thought would win the nomination i ask him, if he will apply his to! Here representing people who are the equals before the law of the gold-dominated state:... Says that he was nominated on the anniversary of the free you need fear no tyrant who spring! 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